| Study | Reason for exclusion |
|---|---|
| AAPCID 2007 | Not a RCT |
| Allen 2006 | Not a RCT |
| Anonymous 2006 | Not a RCT |
| Anonymous 2007 | Article about oseltamivir and vaccination |
| Anton 2011 | Review article |
| Aoky 1985a | Pharmacokinetics study of amantadine and rimantadine |
| Aoky 1985b | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Aoky 1986 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Atiee 2012 | Open‐label study of the pharmacokinetic interactions of peramivir with oseltamivir or rimantadine |
| Atmar 1990 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Bacosi 2002 | Article about the treatment of hepatitis C |
| Baker 1969 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range (participants were aged between 17 to 57 years old) |
| Bantia 2010 | Non‐human trial |
| Barr 2007a | Not a RCT |
| Barr 2007b | Not a RCT |
| Bauer 2007 | Non‐human trial |
| Belenky 1998 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range (participants were aged between 17 to 57 years old) |
| Bloomfield 1970 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Boltz 2010 | Review article about other antiviral drugs |
| Brady 1990 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Brammer 2009 | Article focusing influenza surveillance |
| Bricaire 1990 | Analyses by age subgroups of interest were not available |
| Bryson 1990 | Insufficient data available |
| Burch 2009 | Systematic review about the use of other antivirals |
| Cady 2011 | Not a RCT |
| Callmander 1968 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range (participants were 20 to 60 years old) |
| Carter 2008 | Review of the use of the influenza vaccine |
| Cayley 2010 | Article about neuraminidase inhibitors in healthy adults |
| Cayley 2012 | Review about neuraminidase inhibitors |
| Chawla 2009 | Article about strategies for pandemic preparedness |
| Chemaly 2006 | Not a RCT |
| Chen 2007 | Article about Chinese medical herbs |
| Cheng 2004 | The authors studied other antivirals, included other viral infections and the ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Cheng 2009 | Review study with different objectives |
| Cheng 2012 | Review article |
| Choi 2009 | Trial conducted in influenza isolates |
| Chou 2008 | Article about chronic hepatitis C |
| Cohen 1976 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range (participants were aged between 20 to 39 years old) |
| Cohen 2006 | Study that compared patient access to pharmaceuticals in the UK and US |
| Cowling 2008 | Preliminary findings of non‐pharmaceutical intervention trial |
| Curran 2010 | Article about an influenza vaccine |
| Dawkins 1968 | Study assessing the prophylactic efficacy of an analogue of amantadine |
| De la Camara 2007 | Review study |
| De Vincenzo 2012 | Review article |
| DeLaney 2010 | Review study |
| Denys 1963 | Ages of human participants were outside protocol age range (participants were aged between 19 to 21 years old). Animals were also studied |
| Dolamore 2003 | Case‐control study |
| Dolin 1982 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range (participants were aged between 18 to 45 years old) |
| Doyle 1998 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range (participants were aged between 18 to 50 years old) |
| Drinevskii 1998 | Randomisation was not stated |
| Drinka 1998 | Groups characteristics not stated. Analyses by age subgroup of interest not available |
| Enger 2004 | Article about oseltamivir |
| Escuret 2012 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Falagas 2010 | Review study |
| Farlow 2008 | Article about Alzheimer's |
| Fiore 2008 | Article about Glycyrrhiza species |
| Furuta 2005 | Study of the mechanism of action of T‐705 against influenza virus |
| Galabov 2006 | Non‐human trial |
| Galbraith 1969a | Analyses by age subgroups of interest were not available |
| Galbraith 1969b | Outcomes of interest were not studied |
| Galbraith 1971 | Analyses by age subgroups of interest were not available |
| Galbraith 1973 | Insufficient data available |
| Garman 2004 | Trial about drugs that inhibit the virus's neuramidase |
| Gatwood 2012 | Review study |
| Gerth 1966 | Not a RCT |
| Griffin 2004 | Pharmacological study |
| Guo 2007 | Review article |
| Hay 1986 | Study about the molecular basis for resistance of influenza A to amantadine |
| Hayden 1979 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Hayden 1980 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Hayden 1981 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Hayden 1982 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Hayden 1985 | Pharmacokinetics study in which ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Hayden 1986 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Hayden 1989 | Analysis by age subgroups of interest was not available |
| Hayden 1991 | Analysis by age subgroups of interest was not available |
| Hayden 2000 | The drug studied was zanamivir |
| Hayden 2006 | Not a RCT |
| Hayden 2012 | Review study |
| Hornick 1969 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Hota 2007 | Not a RCT |
| Hout 2006a | Study about the human immunodeficiency virus |
| Hout 2006b | Study about the human immunodeficiency virus |
| Hsu 2012 | Systematic review |
| Hurt 2007 | Not a RCT |
| Ilyushina 2005 | Not a RCT |
| Ilyushina 2006 | Study of whether combined therapy with 2 classes of anti‐influenza drugs could affect the emergence of resistant virus variants in vitro |
| Ilyushina 2007a | Non‐human trial |
| Ilyushina 2007b | Non‐human trial |
| Ison 2006 | Case series |
| Ison 2013 | Review about pharmacokinetics |
| Ito 2000 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Ito 2006 | Study about influenza vaccination |
| Jefferson 2006a | Systematic review about antivirals for influenza in healthy adults |
| Jiang 2013 | Article about Chinese medicinal herbs |
| Jones 2006 | Trial in which a 20‐amino‐acid peptide was used |
| Kalia 2008 | Article about neurological diseases |
| Kantor 1980 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range (participants were aged between 17 to 53 years old) |
| Kawai 2005 | Not a RCT |
| Khakoo 1981 | Amantadine and/or rimantadine were not tested in this trial |
| Kim 2011 | Article about the effect of corticosteroids treatment |
| Kirkby 2010 | Article about complementary and alternative medicine. Not a RCT |
| Kiso 2004 | Descriptive study to investigate oseltamivir resistance in children treated for influenza |
| Kitamoto 1969 | Duplicated results |
| Knight 1969 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Knight 1970a | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Knight 1970b | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Knight 1981 | Ribavirin study in which ages of participants were outside protocol age range (participants were aged between 22 to 42 years old) |
| Korenke 2008 | Article about multiple sclerosis treatment |
| Krylov 1978 | Analysis by age subgroups of interest was not available |
| Kulichenko 2003 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Langlet 2009 | Article about the use of antivirals for chronic hepatitis C |
| Le Tissier 2005 | Non‐human trial |
| Leeming 1969 | Insufficient data available |
| Leone 2005 | Article about the use of amantadine for traumatic brain injury |
| Leung 1979 | Outcomes of interest were not studied |
| Lim 2007 | Study about an influenza‐like illness |
| Lin 2006 | Study about neurologic manifestations in children with influenza B |
| Linder 2005 | The authors measured the rates of antiviral and antibiotic prescribing for patients with influenza |
| Lipatov 2007 | The study was conducted in influenza viruses isolated from poultry |
| Little 1976 | Analyses by age subgroups of interest were not available |
| Little 1978 | Article is about hyperreactivity and airway dysfunction in influenza infection and not about treatment or prevention of influenza |
| Lopez‐Medrano 2012 | Not a RCT |
| Louie 2012 | Article about an intravenous neuraminidase inhibitor drug for influenza A |
| Lutz 2005 | Study of a method for detecting and quantifying influenza A virus replication |
| Lynd 2005 | Not a RCT |
| Machado 2004 | Article was about the use of oseltamivir to control influenza complications after bone marrow transplantation |
| Mallia 2007 | Not a RCT |
| Maricich 2004 | Not a RCT |
| Mase 2007 | The study was conducted in influenza viruses isolated from poultry |
| Mate 1970 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Mate 1971 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Matheson 2007 | Systematic review of the use of neuraminidase inhibitors |
| Matsuya 2007 | Study of the synthesis and evaluation of dihydrofuran‐fused perhydrophenanthrenes as a new anti‐influenza agent |
| Matthews 2004 | Review article about treatment of viral hepatitis and oncological conditions |
| McCullers 2004 | Non‐human trial |
| McKay 2006 | Non‐human trial |
| Michiels 2013 | Article about oseltamivir and zanamivir |
| Mishin 2005 | Not a clinical trial |
| Miyachi 2011 | Insufficient data available |
| Moffat 2008 | Article about biophysical aspects of the influenza virus |
| Monto 1979 | Ages of participants were outside were outside protocol age (participants were aged between 18 to 24 years old) |
| Morrison 2007 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Muldoon 1976 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Nafta 1970 | A wider age range was considered. Analysis by age subgroups of interest was not available |
| Natsina 1994 | Randomisation was not stated. Additional information not available |
| Nuesch 2007 | Review study |
| O'Donoghute 1973 | Analysis by age subgroups of interest was not available |
| Obrosova‐Serova 1972 | Study about effectiveness of midantan and interferon inducers as means of non‐specific prevention of influenza |
| Oker‐Blom 1970 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range (participants were aged between 20 to 28 years old) |
| Ong 2007 | Not a RCT |
| Pachucki 2004 | Article about a diagnostic test |
| Peiris 2004 | The aim of the authors was not to study amantadine and rimantadine to prevent or treat influenza |
| Pemberton 1986 | Article about amantadine resistance in clinical influenza A and virus isolates |
| Petterson 1980 | Insufficient data available |
| Pritchard 1989 | Article about the treatment of juvenile chronic arthritis with antivirals |
| Quarles 1981 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Quilligan 1966 | Not a RCT |
| Rabinovich 1969 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Reis 2006 | Article about neurologic effects of amantadine |
| Reuman 1989a | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range (participants were aged between 18 to 40 years old) |
| Reuman 1989b | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range (participants were aged between 18 to 55 years old) |
| Risenbrough 2005 | Not a RCT |
| Rose 1980 | Not a RCT |
| Rothberg 2005 | Not a RCT |
| Saito 2006 | Not a RCT |
| Sampaio 2011 | Article about the efficacy and safety of pardoprunox in patients with early Parkinson's disease |
| Santesso 2013 | Systematic review |
| Sato 2008 | Article about oseltamivir treatment |
| Sauerbrei 2006 | Not a RCT |
| Schapira 1971 | Analysis by age subgroups of interest was not available |
| Schmidt 2004 | Review article |
| Sears 1987 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range (participants were aged between 18 to 40 years old) |
| Semlitsch 1992 | The purpose of this article was to study the acute effects of amantadine infusions on event‐related potentials |
| Serkedjieva 2007 | Non‐human trial |
| Shah 2012 | Review article |
| Shuler 2007 | Case‐control study |
| Shvetsova 1974 | The trial authors studied different populations. No information was available about clinical outcomes and confirmation of influenza diagnosis |
| Simeonova 2009 | Non‐human article |
| Singer 2011 | Review article |
| Skoner 1999 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range (participants were aged between 18 to 50 years old) |
| Smorodintsev 1970a | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Smorodintsev 1970b | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Smorodintsev 1970c | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range (participants were aged between 18 to 30 years old) |
| Somani 1991 | Randomisation was not stated. The groups were not similar at baseline |
| Tajima 2006 | Study of aetiology and treatment in hospitalised children with pneumonia |
| Takemura 2005 | Not a study about influenza A |
| Tappenden 2009 | Systematic review |
| Terabayashi 2006 | Article about the inhibition of influenza‐virus‐induced cytopathy by sialyglycoconjugates |
| Thomas 2008 | Article about multiple sclerosis |
| Thompson 1987 | Insufficient data presented |
| Togo 1968 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Togo 1970 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Togo 1972 | The drug studied was cyclooctylamine |
| Townsend 2006 | Not a RCT |
| Van der Wouden 2005 | Not a RCT |
| Van Voris 1981 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Van Voris 1985 | Study about 4 antibody techniques to assess influenza infection |
| Wailoo 2008 | Article about the use of neuraminidase inhibitors in adults |
| Webster 1986 | Non‐human trial |
| Welton 2008 | Not a RCT |
| Wendel 1966 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range (participants were aged between 17 to 54 years old) |
| Whitley 2007 | Not a RCT |
| Wingfield 1969 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range |
| Wong 2006 | Not a RCT |
| Wright 1976 | Analysis by age subgroups of interest was not available |
| Wultzler 2004 | Not a clinical trial |
| Yamaura 2003 | The antiviral studied was oseltamivir |
| Younkin 1983 | Ages of participants were outside protocol age range (participants were aged between 17 to 20 years old) |
| Yuen 2005 | Not a RCT |
| Yuen 2012 | Review article |
| Zeuzem 1999 | The purpose of the authors was to study treatment for chronic hepatitis C |
PB: placebo RCT: randomised controlled trial