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. 2020 Mar 13;2020:8681247. doi: 10.1155/2020/8681247

Table 2.

Association of individual intestinal parasites with sociodemographic variables.

Intestinal parasites 1 2 3 4 Total (%) χ 2 p value
Grade level no. (%)
A. lumbricoides 32 (26.7) 21 (18.8) 18 (21.7) 16 (23.5) 87 (22.7) 2.146 0.543
Hookworms 28 (23.3) 25 (22.3) 11 (13.3) 15 (22.1) 79 (20.6) 3.575a 0.311
E. histolytica 11 (9.2) 10 (8.9) 5 (6) 5 (7.4) 31 (8.1) 0.819 0.845
T. trichiura 10 (8.3) 6 (5.4) 8 (9.6) 5 (7.4) 29 (7.6) 1.396 0.707
G. intestinalis 10 (8.3) 12 (10.7) 1 (1.2) 2 (2.9) 25 (6.5) 9.147 0.027
H. nana 5 (4.2) 10 (8.9) 4 (4.8) 3 (4.4) 22 (5.7) 3.003 0.391
S. mansoni 2 (1.7) 6 (5.4) 4 (4.8) 5 (7.4) 17 (4.4) 3.787 0.285
Age in years no. (%)
≤5 (%) 6-11 (%). 12-18 (%)
A. lumbricoides 4 (50) 65 (20.3) 18 (32.7) - 87 (22.7) 7.585 0.023
Hookworms 2 (25) 67 (20.9) 10 (18.2) - 79 (20.6) 0.313 0.855
E. histolytica 1 (12.5) 29 (9.1) 1 (1.8) - 31 (8.1) 3.524 0.172
T. trichiura - 25 (6.5) 4 (7.4) - 29 (7.6) 0.689 0.709
G. intestinalis 1 (12.5) 22 (6.9) 2 (3.6) - 25 (6.5) 1.285 0.526
H. nana - 20 (6.2) 2 (3.6) - 22 (5.7) 1.090) 0.58
S. mansoni - 11 (3.4) 6 (10.9) - 17 (4.4) 6.556 0.038
Sex no. (%)
Male Female
A. lumbricoides 41 (21.9) 46 (23.5) - - 87 (22.7) 0.13 0.718
Hookworms 37 (19.8) 42 (21.4) - - 79 (20.6) 0.158 0.691
E. histolytica 13 (7.0) 18 (9.2) - - 31 (8.1) 0.641 0.423
T. trichiura 17 (9.1) 12 (6.1) - - 29 (6.7) 1.205) 0.272
G. intestinalis 11 (8.9) 14 (7.1) - - 25 (6.5) 0.249 0.618
H. nana 14 (7.5) 8 (4.1) - - 22 (5.7) 2.049 0.152
S. mansoni 7 (3.7) 10 (5.1) - - 17 (4.4) 0.417 0.519
Residence no. (%)
Urban (%) Rural (%)
A. lumbricoides 41 (20.4) 46 (25.3) 87 (22.7) 1.294 0.255
Hookworms 41 (20.4) 38 (20.9) 79 (20.6) 0.014 0.907
E. histolytica 20 (10) 11 (6) 31 (8.1) 1.959 0.162
T. trichiura 6 (3) 23 (12.6) 29 (7.6) 12.72 0.001∗∗
G. intestinalis 10 (5) 15 (8.2) 25 (6.5) 1.67 0.196
H. nana 0 22 (12.1) 22 (5.7) 25.78 0.001∗∗
S. mansoni 10 (5) 7 (3.8) 17 (4.4) 0.278 0.592
Family size no. (%)
2-4 5-7 8-10
A. lumbricoides 12 (26.7) 51 (26.7) 24 (16.3) - 87 (22.7) 5.547 0.062
Hookworms 5 (11.1) 43 (22.5) 31 (21.1) - 79 (20.6) 2.923 0.232
E. histolytica 1 24 (12.6) 6 (4.1) - 31 (8.1) 2.106 0.147
T. trichiura 4 (8.9) 12 (6.3) 13 (8.8) - 29 (7.6) 0.905 0.636
G. intestinalis 1 12 (6.3) 12 (8.2) - 25 (6.5) 2.030 0.362
H. nana 3 (6.7) 13 (6.8) 6 (4.1) - 22 (5.7) 1.219 0.544
S. mansoni 2 (4.4) 7 (3.7) 8 (5.4) 17 (4.4) 0.346 0.556
Family monthly income (ETB) no. (%)
≤800 (%) 800-2,000 (%) ≥2,000 (%)
A. lumbricoides 57 (35) 23 (13.5) 7 (14) 87 (22.7) 24.28 0.001∗∗
Hookworms 41 (25) 31 (18) 7 (14) 79 (20.6) 3.975 0.137
E. histolytica 21 (12.9) 8 (4.7) 2 (4) 31 (8.1) 8.776 0.012
T. trichiura 19 (11.7) 9 (5.3) 1 (2) 29 (7.6) 7.364 0.025
G. intestinalis 13 (8) 8 (4.7) 4 (8) 25 (6.5) 1.662 0.436
H. nana 14 (8) 6 (3.5) 2 (4) 22 (5.7) 4.258 0.119
S. mansoni 9 (2.3) 5 (1.3) 3 (0.8) 17 (4.4) 1.637 0.441
Father education no. (%)
Primary school Secondary school and above
A. lumbricoides 60 (27.1) 27 (17) - 87 (22.7) 7.009 0.03
Hookworms 54 (24.4) 25 (16) - 79 (20.6) 5.399 0.067
E. histolytica 25 (11.3) 6 (3.9) - 31 (8.1) 7.409 0.025
T. trichiura 17 (7.7) 12 (7.4) - 29 (7.6) 0.505 0.777
G. intestinalis 12 (5.4) 13 (8) - 25 (6.1) 1.502 0.472
H. nana 12 (5.4) 10 (6.5) - 22 (5.7) 0.61 0.737
S. mansoni 13 (5.9) 4 (2.6) - 17 (4.4) 2.673 0.263
Mother education no. (%)
Primary school Secondary school and above
A. lumbricoides 80 (23.1) 7 (21.9) - 87 (22.7) 1.211 0.546
Hookworms 76 (19.8) 3 (9.4) - 79 (20.6) 3.859 0.145
E. histolytica 30 (8.6) 1 (3.1) - 31 (8.1) 1.556) 0.459
T. trichiura 24 (6.9) 1 (3.1) - 25 (6.5) 0.973 0.615
G. intestinalis 21 (6.1) 1 (3.1) - 22 (5.7) 0.71 0.701
H. nana 17 (4.9) 0 (0.00) - 17 (4.4) 1.211 0.807
S. mansoni 27 (7) 2 (0.5) - 29 (7.6) 0.429 0.807
Father occupation no. (%)
Daily laborer Farmer Govt. employee Merchant
A. lumbricoides 9 (60) 73 (22) 1 (6.2) 4 (20) 87 (22.7) 14.53 0.002
Hookworms 5 (33.3) 67 (20.2) 3 (18.8) 4 (20) 79 (20.6) 1.559 0.669
E. histolytica 3 (20) 27 (8.1) - 1 (6.7) 31 4.525 0.21
T. trichiura 1 (6.7) 21 (6.3) 1 (6.2) 2 (10) 25 (6.5) 0.42 0.936
G. intestinalis 1 (6.7) 20 (6) - 1 (5) 22 (5.7) 1.067 0.785
H. nana - 16 (4.8) - 1 (5) 17 (4.4) 1.586 0.667
S. mansoni 5 (33.5) 23 (6.9) 1 (6.2) - 29 (7.6) 16.1 0.001∗∗
Mother occupation no. (%)
Daily laborer Housewife Govt. employee Merchant
A. lumbricoides 1 (33.3) 82 (23.4) - 4 (19) 87 (22.7) 3.1 0.376
Hookworms 1 (33.3) 76 (21.7) - 2 (9.5) 79 (20.6) 4.469 0.215
E. histolytica 2 (66.7) 27 (7.7) - 2 (0.5) 31 (8.1) 14.75 0.002
T. trichiura - 25 (7.1) - - 25 (6.5) 2.522 0.471
G. intestinalis 1 (33.3) 20 (5.7) - 1 (4.8) 22 (5.7). 4.804 0.187
H. nana - 17 (4.9) - - 17 (4.4) 1.677 0.642
S. mansoni - 28 (8) - 1 (4.8) 29 (7.6) 1.312 0.721
Single infection - - - - 191 (49.9) - -
Double infection - - - - 41 (10.7) - -
Triple infection - - - - 7 (1.8) - -
Overall infection - - - - 239 (62.4)

∗∗Statistically significant at p ≤ 0.001. Statistically significant at p < 0.05.