Table 2.
Association of individual intestinal parasites with sociodemographic variables.
| Intestinal parasites | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total (%) | χ 2 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grade level no. (%) | |||||||
| A. lumbricoides | 32 (26.7) | 21 (18.8) | 18 (21.7) | 16 (23.5) | 87 (22.7) | 2.146 | 0.543 |
| Hookworms | 28 (23.3) | 25 (22.3) | 11 (13.3) | 15 (22.1) | 79 (20.6) | 3.575a | 0.311 |
| E. histolytica | 11 (9.2) | 10 (8.9) | 5 (6) | 5 (7.4) | 31 (8.1) | 0.819 | 0.845 |
| T. trichiura | 10 (8.3) | 6 (5.4) | 8 (9.6) | 5 (7.4) | 29 (7.6) | 1.396 | 0.707 |
| G. intestinalis | 10 (8.3) | 12 (10.7) | 1 (1.2) | 2 (2.9) | 25 (6.5) | 9.147 | 0.027∗ |
| H. nana | 5 (4.2) | 10 (8.9) | 4 (4.8) | 3 (4.4) | 22 (5.7) | 3.003 | 0.391 |
| S. mansoni | 2 (1.7) | 6 (5.4) | 4 (4.8) | 5 (7.4) | 17 (4.4) | 3.787 | 0.285 |
| Age in years no. (%) | |||||||
| ≤5 (%) | 6-11 (%). | 12-18 (%) | |||||
| A. lumbricoides | 4 (50) | 65 (20.3) | 18 (32.7) | - | 87 (22.7) | 7.585 | 0.023∗ |
| Hookworms | 2 (25) | 67 (20.9) | 10 (18.2) | - | 79 (20.6) | 0.313 | 0.855 |
| E. histolytica | 1 (12.5) | 29 (9.1) | 1 (1.8) | - | 31 (8.1) | 3.524 | 0.172 |
| T. trichiura | - | 25 (6.5) | 4 (7.4) | - | 29 (7.6) | 0.689 | 0.709 |
| G. intestinalis | 1 (12.5) | 22 (6.9) | 2 (3.6) | - | 25 (6.5) | 1.285 | 0.526 |
| H. nana | - | 20 (6.2) | 2 (3.6) | - | 22 (5.7) | 1.090) | 0.58 |
| S. mansoni | - | 11 (3.4) | 6 (10.9) | - | 17 (4.4) | 6.556 | 0.038∗ |
| Sex no. (%) | |||||||
| Male | Female | ||||||
| A. lumbricoides | 41 (21.9) | 46 (23.5) | - | - | 87 (22.7) | 0.13 | 0.718 |
| Hookworms | 37 (19.8) | 42 (21.4) | - | - | 79 (20.6) | 0.158 | 0.691 |
| E. histolytica | 13 (7.0) | 18 (9.2) | - | - | 31 (8.1) | 0.641 | 0.423 |
| T. trichiura | 17 (9.1) | 12 (6.1) | - | - | 29 (6.7) | 1.205) | 0.272 |
| G. intestinalis | 11 (8.9) | 14 (7.1) | - | - | 25 (6.5) | 0.249 | 0.618 |
| H. nana | 14 (7.5) | 8 (4.1) | - | - | 22 (5.7) | 2.049 | 0.152 |
| S. mansoni | 7 (3.7) | 10 (5.1) | - | - | 17 (4.4) | 0.417 | 0.519 |
| Residence no. (%) | |||||||
| Urban (%) | Rural (%) | ||||||
| A. lumbricoides | 41 (20.4) | 46 (25.3) | 87 (22.7) | 1.294 | 0.255 | ||
| Hookworms | 41 (20.4) | 38 (20.9) | 79 (20.6) | 0.014 | 0.907 | ||
| E. histolytica | 20 (10) | 11 (6) | 31 (8.1) | 1.959 | 0.162 | ||
| T. trichiura | 6 (3) | 23 (12.6) | 29 (7.6) | 12.72 | 0.001∗∗ | ||
| G. intestinalis | 10 (5) | 15 (8.2) | 25 (6.5) | 1.67 | 0.196 | ||
| H. nana | 0 | 22 (12.1) | 22 (5.7) | 25.78 | 0.001∗∗ | ||
| S. mansoni | 10 (5) | 7 (3.8) | 17 (4.4) | 0.278 | 0.592 | ||
| Family size no. (%) | |||||||
| 2-4 | 5-7 | 8-10 | |||||
| A. lumbricoides | 12 (26.7) | 51 (26.7) | 24 (16.3) | - | 87 (22.7) | 5.547 | 0.062 |
| Hookworms | 5 (11.1) | 43 (22.5) | 31 (21.1) | - | 79 (20.6) | 2.923 | 0.232 |
| E. histolytica | 1 | 24 (12.6) | 6 (4.1) | - | 31 (8.1) | 2.106 | 0.147 |
| T. trichiura | 4 (8.9) | 12 (6.3) | 13 (8.8) | - | 29 (7.6) | 0.905 | 0.636 |
| G. intestinalis | 1 | 12 (6.3) | 12 (8.2) | - | 25 (6.5) | 2.030 | 0.362 |
| H. nana | 3 (6.7) | 13 (6.8) | 6 (4.1) | - | 22 (5.7) | 1.219 | 0.544 |
| S. mansoni | 2 (4.4) | 7 (3.7) | 8 (5.4) | 17 (4.4) | 0.346 | 0.556 | |
| Family monthly income (ETB) no. (%) | |||||||
| ≤800 (%) | 800-2,000 (%) | ≥2,000 (%) | |||||
| A. lumbricoides | 57 (35) | 23 (13.5) | 7 (14) | 87 (22.7) | 24.28 | 0.001∗∗ | |
| Hookworms | 41 (25) | 31 (18) | 7 (14) | 79 (20.6) | 3.975 | 0.137 | |
| E. histolytica | 21 (12.9) | 8 (4.7) | 2 (4) | 31 (8.1) | 8.776 | 0.012∗ | |
| T. trichiura | 19 (11.7) | 9 (5.3) | 1 (2) | 29 (7.6) | 7.364 | 0.025∗ | |
| G. intestinalis | 13 (8) | 8 (4.7) | 4 (8) | 25 (6.5) | 1.662 | 0.436 | |
| H. nana | 14 (8) | 6 (3.5) | 2 (4) | 22 (5.7) | 4.258 | 0.119 | |
| S. mansoni | 9 (2.3) | 5 (1.3) | 3 (0.8) | 17 (4.4) | 1.637 | 0.441 | |
| Father education no. (%) | |||||||
| Primary school | Secondary school and above | ||||||
| A. lumbricoides | 60 (27.1) | 27 (17) | - | 87 (22.7) | 7.009 | 0.03∗ | |
| Hookworms | 54 (24.4) | 25 (16) | - | 79 (20.6) | 5.399 | 0.067 | |
| E. histolytica | 25 (11.3) | 6 (3.9) | - | 31 (8.1) | 7.409 | 0.025∗ | |
| T. trichiura | 17 (7.7) | 12 (7.4) | - | 29 (7.6) | 0.505 | 0.777 | |
| G. intestinalis | 12 (5.4) | 13 (8) | - | 25 (6.1) | 1.502 | 0.472 | |
| H. nana | 12 (5.4) | 10 (6.5) | - | 22 (5.7) | 0.61 | 0.737 | |
| S. mansoni | 13 (5.9) | 4 (2.6) | - | 17 (4.4) | 2.673 | 0.263 | |
| Mother education no. (%) | |||||||
| Primary school | Secondary school and above | ||||||
| A. lumbricoides | 80 (23.1) | 7 (21.9) | - | 87 (22.7) | 1.211 | 0.546 | |
| Hookworms | 76 (19.8) | 3 (9.4) | - | 79 (20.6) | 3.859 | 0.145 | |
| E. histolytica | 30 (8.6) | 1 (3.1) | - | 31 (8.1) | 1.556) | 0.459 | |
| T. trichiura | 24 (6.9) | 1 (3.1) | - | 25 (6.5) | 0.973 | 0.615 | |
| G. intestinalis | 21 (6.1) | 1 (3.1) | - | 22 (5.7) | 0.71 | 0.701 | |
| H. nana | 17 (4.9) | 0 (0.00) | - | 17 (4.4) | 1.211 | 0.807 | |
| S. mansoni | 27 (7) | 2 (0.5) | - | 29 (7.6) | 0.429 | 0.807 | |
| Father occupation no. (%) | |||||||
| Daily laborer | Farmer | Govt. employee | Merchant | ||||
| A. lumbricoides | 9 (60) | 73 (22) | 1 (6.2) | 4 (20) | 87 (22.7) | 14.53 | 0.002∗ |
| Hookworms | 5 (33.3) | 67 (20.2) | 3 (18.8) | 4 (20) | 79 (20.6) | 1.559 | 0.669 |
| E. histolytica | 3 (20) | 27 (8.1) | - | 1 (6.7) | 31 | 4.525 | 0.21 |
| T. trichiura | 1 (6.7) | 21 (6.3) | 1 (6.2) | 2 (10) | 25 (6.5) | 0.42 | 0.936 |
| G. intestinalis | 1 (6.7) | 20 (6) | - | 1 (5) | 22 (5.7) | 1.067 | 0.785 |
| H. nana | - | 16 (4.8) | - | 1 (5) | 17 (4.4) | 1.586 | 0.667 |
| S. mansoni | 5 (33.5) | 23 (6.9) | 1 (6.2) | - | 29 (7.6) | 16.1 | 0.001∗∗ |
| Mother occupation no. (%) | |||||||
| Daily laborer | Housewife | Govt. employee | Merchant | ||||
| A. lumbricoides | 1 (33.3) | 82 (23.4) | - | 4 (19) | 87 (22.7) | 3.1 | 0.376 |
| Hookworms | 1 (33.3) | 76 (21.7) | - | 2 (9.5) | 79 (20.6) | 4.469 | 0.215 |
| E. histolytica | 2 (66.7) | 27 (7.7) | - | 2 (0.5) | 31 (8.1) | 14.75 | 0.002∗ |
| T. trichiura | - | 25 (7.1) | - | - | 25 (6.5) | 2.522 | 0.471 |
| G. intestinalis | 1 (33.3) | 20 (5.7) | - | 1 (4.8) | 22 (5.7). | 4.804 | 0.187 |
| H. nana | - | 17 (4.9) | - | - | 17 (4.4) | 1.677 | 0.642 |
| S. mansoni | - | 28 (8) | - | 1 (4.8) | 29 (7.6) | 1.312 | 0.721 |
| Single infection | - | - | - | - | 191 (49.9) | - | - |
| Double infection | - | - | - | - | 41 (10.7) | - | - |
| Triple infection | - | - | - | - | 7 (1.8) | - | - |
| Overall infection | - | - | - | - | 239 (62.4) | ||
∗∗Statistically significant at p ≤ 0.001. ∗Statistically significant at p < 0.05.