Figure 2.
Effect of skimmed and concentrated bovine late colostrum (SCBLC) given at various dosage intervals against human rotavirus (HRV)-induced diarrhea in suckling mice. Litters of 5-d-old mice were orally given either PBS (n = 9, solid squares with dotted line) or 0.1 mg of SCBLC for 60 min before viral inoculation with 1.7 × 105 fluorescent cell focus-forming units (FCFU) of HRV MO strain per mouse. After viral inoculation, additional doses of 0.1 mg of SCBLC in 50 μL of PBS were administered orally by gavage 3 times [24, 48, and 72 h postinoculation (hpi), n = 9, open diamonds], 4 times (12, 24, 48, and 72 hpi, n = 7, solid triangles), or 5 times (6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hpi, n = 11, open circles). Control mice were given PBS by gavage 5 times. Stools were examined daily to assess diarrhea from 0 to 96 hpi and diarrhea was characterized using a diarrhea index (DI), where 1 = normal brown formed stool or no stool, 2 = soft orange stool, and 3 = liquid yellow stool. Each point represents the mean ± SD. Open arrows in the box under the figure indicate the time points at which each dose of SCBLC was administered, starting 60 min before viral inoculation. Closed arrows indicate the time points at which each dose of SCBLC was administered after viral inoculation. *P < 0.05, as determined by the Mann-Whitney U test.