. 2019 Jul 20;233:116671. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116671

Table 1.

Ligands and adaptors of TLRs.

TLR	Localisation	Associated proteins	Ligand/agonist	Source/pathogen detected	Adaptor protein	Pathway
TLR-1/2	Cell surface	CD14, CD36, DECTIN1	Ac₃LP, Glycolipids	Bacteria	MyD88, TIRAP	MyD88
TLR-2	Cell surface	CD36, CD14	Lipoproteins	Multiple pathogens	MyD88, TIRAP	MyD88
			Peptidoglycan	Bacteria
			Porins	Bacteria
			Zymosan	Fungi
			β-Glycan	Fungi
			GPI-mucin	Protozoa
			Envelope glycoproteins	Viruses
TLR-2/6	Cell surface	CD14, CD38, DECTIN1	Ac₂LP, LTA, Zymosan	Bacteria	MyD88, TIRAP	MyD88
TLR-2/10	Cell surface		Ac₃LP	Bacteria	MyD88, TIRAP	MyD88
TLR-3	Intracellular	CD14, TRIL	dsRNA	Viruses	TRIF	TRIF
TLR-3	Intracellular	CD14, TRIL	Poly(I:C)	Synthetic analogue of dsRNA	TRIF	TRIF
TLR-4	Cell surface	CD14, MD-2	LPS, F-Prot	Bacteria	MyD88, TIRAF, TRIF, TRAM	MyD88, TRIF
TLR-4	Cell surface	CD14, MD-2	RSV, VSV, Env-prot, MMTV others.	Viruses	MyD88, TIRAF, TRIF, TRAM	MyD88, TRIF
TLR-5	Cell surface		Flagellin	Bacteria	MyD88	MyD88
TLR-7	Intracellular	CD14	ssRNA	Viruses	MyD88	MyD88
TLR-8	Intracellular	CD14	ssRNA	Viruses		MyD88
TLR-9	Intracellular	CD14, HMGB1	Unmethylated CpG DNA	Bacteria, protozoa and viruses	MyD88	MyD88
TLR-9	Intracellular	CD14, HMGB1	Mitochondrial DNA	Endogenous	MyD88	MyD88