Table 1.
Gender and Ethnic Differences in COPD Hospitalization and Mortality in Population Aged ≥ 55 Years, Singapore 1991—1998*
| Characteristics |
Hospitalization |
Mortality |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rate† | Rate Ratio (95% CI)‡ | Rate† | Rate Ratio (95% CI)‡ | |
| Overall | 52.4 | 16.3 | ||
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 18.2 | 1.00 | 6.9 | 1.00 |
| Male | 94.1 | 5.15 (1.07–1.68) | 28.2 | 4.05 (3.40–4.84) |
| Age group | ||||
| 55–64 | 17.5 | 1.00 | 4.5 | 1.00 |
| 65–74 | 68.0 | 3.90 (3.44–4.41) | 15.4 | 4.40 (3.35–5.78) |
| 75+ | 129.5 | 7.41 (6.56–8.38) | 55.9 | 16.0 (12.4–20.5) |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Chinese | 53.9 | 1.25 (1.04–1.50) | 16.4 | 1.48 (1.03–2.14) |
| Malay | 45.1 | 1.07 (0.86–1.34) | 19.3 | 1.76 (1.15–2.68) |
| Indian | 43.9 | 1.00 | 10.7 | 1.00 |
*
CI = confidence interval. Data are from the study by Ng et al.11
†
Per 10,000 population and directly adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity according to the 1991 general population.
‡
Calculated using Poisson regression models (SAS; SAS Institute; Cary, NC) including age, gender, and ethnicity.