Table 2.
Histopathology, virus antigen expression and virus attachment in different species infected with different influenza viruses
| Virus and species | Histological lesions |
||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alveoli |
Bronchioles |
Bronchi |
Interstitium |
Trachea |
Nose |
||||||||||
| Epithelial necrosis | Oedema | Hyaline membranes | Inflammation | Type II pneumocyte hyperplasia | Epithelial necrosis | Inflammation | Epithelial necrosis | Inflammation | Perivascular/peribronchiolar cuffing | Tracheobronchoadenitis | Epithelial necrosis | Inflammation | Epithelial necrosis | Inflammation | |
| H5N1 | |||||||||||||||
| Human | + | + | + | + | + | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | |
| Macaque∗ | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | − | + | − | − | − | + | − | − |
| Ferret | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | + |
| Cat | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | − | − | − | − | − |
| pH1N1 | |||||||||||||||
| Human | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | N | N |
| Macaque | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | + |
| Ferret | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Cat | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | − | − | − | − | − |
| Seasonal† | |||||||||||||||
| Human | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | + |
| Macaque | + | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − |
| Ferret | + | − | − | + | + | − | + | − | + | + | + | − | + | + | + |
| Cat | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
| Virus and species | Virus antigen expression |
Virus attachment |
|||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type I pneumocytes | Type II pneumocytes | Alveolar macrophages | Bronchiolar epithelial cells | Bronchial epithelial cells | Tracheal epithelial cells | Submucosal glandular epithelial cells | Nasal epithelial cells | Type I pneumocytes | Type II pneumocytes | Alveolar macrophages | Bronchiolar epithelial cells | Bronchial epithelial cells | Pulmonary goblet cells | Tracheal epithelial cells | Submucosal glandular epithelial cells | Nasal epithelial cells | |
| H5N1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Human | − | + | + | − | − | + | − | − | − | + | + | + | + | − | − | + | − |
| Macaque∗ | + | + | + | + | + | − | − | − | + | + | − | + | + | − | − | N | N |
| Ferret | + | + | + | + | + | − | − | + | − | + | − | − | − | − | − | N | N |
| Cat | + | + | + | + | + | − | − | − | − | + | + | + | − | − | − | N | N |
| pH1N1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Human | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | n | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Macaque | + | + | − | − | − | − | − | + | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
| Ferret | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | N | N | N | N | N | N | + | N | + |
| Cat | + | + | + | + | + | − | − | − | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
| Seasonal† | |||||||||||||||||
| Human | − | − | − | − | + | − | + | N | + | − | − | + | + | + | + | − | + |
| Macaque | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | N |
| Ferret | − | + | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | − | − | + | + | − | + | + | N |
| Cat | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | N |
N, not done.
∗
Cynomolgus macaque.
†
Seasonal human influenza virus H1N1 and H3N2.