Table 2.
Detection of Different Viral and Bacterial Pathogens in Subjects
| Asthma Exacerbation(n = 206a) | Stable Asthma(n = 77) | P Valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Individual organism | |||
| Rhinovirus | 54 (26.2) | 10 (13.0) | .027c |
| Human metapneumovirus | 12 (5.8) | 2 (2.6) | .364 |
| Influenza A virus | 16 (7.8) | 4 (5.2) | .624 |
| Influenza B virus | 3 (1.5) | 0 | .565 |
| Parainfluenza viruses types 1-4 | 14 (6.8) | 2 (2.6) | .250 |
| Respiratory syncytial virus | 8 (3.9) | 1 (1.3) | .452 |
| Bocavirus | 5 (2.4) | 2 (2.6) | 1.000 |
| Adenovirus | 5 (2.4) | 0 | .328 |
| Human coronaviruses OC43 or 229E | 5 (2.4) | 0 | .328 |
| Enterovirus | 2 (1.0) | 0 | 1.000 |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae | 2 (1.0) | 2 (2.6) | .299 |
| Chlamydophila pneumoniae | 4 (1.9) | 1 (1.3) | 1.000 |
| Presence of any virus | 103 (50.0) | 20 (26.0) | < .001c |
| M pneumoniae or C pneumoniae | 5 (2.4) | 1 (1.3) | 1.000 |
| Presence of any pathogen | 105 (51.0) | 21 (27.3) | < .001c |
| Coinfection by two or more pathogens | 22 (10.7) | 2 (2.6) | 0.053 |
a
Insufficient respiratory specimens were obtained from three patients.
b
Analyzed by χ2 (with Yates correction) or Fisher exact test as appropriate.
c
Odds ratios (95% CI) for asthma exacerbation were: 2.38 (1.09–5.32) for rhinovirus, 2.85 (1.54–5.30) for any virus, and 2.77 (1.51–5.11) for any pathogen.