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. 2020 Oct 1;48(10):1290–1301. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.03.005

Table 3.

Descriptive expressions and coded segments.

Examples of descriptive expressions Coded segments
Although my work gives me much satisfaction, it poses too many threats to my family… Seg1 Personal satisfaction in present work unit
Our work involves both direct and indirect patient care… We have more paperwork to do now… I have to fill in a four-page form in order to transfer a patient to another unit. Seg2 Description of present work responsibilities
There is too much paperwork, which is time-wasting… I don’t see its value… Seg3 General evaluation of the reasonableness of work responsibilities
This (paperwork) deprives me of time to spend with patients.
Most of our work cannot be done by others, for example, patient education and handling patients’ and relatives’ concerns and queries… Seg4 Aspects of irreplaceable work responsibilities
We used to delegate simple duties to the healthcare assistants, for example, bathing and oral feeding… Seg5 Aspects of delegable work responsibilities
Many experienced nurses left before, so we have more junior nurses now… Seg6 Description of staff mix in present work unit
Most of the time I have to be the ward-in-charge and work with less experienced nurses during the night shift; I find this very stressful… Seg7 Comments on current staff mix
We are short of staff, the problem of turnover is serious… Seg8 Description of seriousness of manpower shortage/nurse turnover in present workplace
We don’t have adequate manpower to cover our vocational leave…
Private hospitals offer better employment terms, I think improving these could help retain them (nurses)… Seg9 Factors to be taken into account in easing manpower shortage/nurse turnover in present workplace
Staff morale is good… There is solidarity among us. Seg10 Description of nursing morale in present workplace
Morale is poor…colleagues here are segregated into territorial groups…
Our morale fluctuates, especially when infections recur successively. Seg11 Factors contributing to high/low morale
When these complaints are reported to the manager, the manager simply scolds us, assuming that it is always our fault… This has affected our morale badly.
I am proud to be a nurse because I help people when they are most vulnerable… Seg12 Personal sense of commitment to nursing as a career
Nurses do not work for monetary benefits, but for patients’ sakes.
Nursing is harsh work; I don’t recommend it to my relatives or friends… Seg13 Introducing nursing to acquaintances
Some of my colleagues are planning to leave… I think the situation will worsen if the authority does not introduce any strategies to deal with this… Seg14 Views on future nursing manpower situation
Offering professional development opportunities is important… The hospital can consider offering official releases for staff to take part in training courses… Seg15 Suggested changes that will make one happy to stay in nursing/present work unit
The hospital should recruit more nurses… We are already physically exhausted; we can’t tolerate any more if the condition persists… Seg16 Views on manpower retention in local public hospitals
I feel more stressed working in an isolation unit as I know I am exposed to a higher risk of infection. Seg17 Perceived work stress
The mass media fails to truly illustrate the professional image of nurses. Seg18 Recommendations on strategies to improve the nursing workforce:
Our sense of job security is affected by the contractual employment. Improve professional image and recognition
Our morale fluctuates, especially when infections recur successively… When the moment (of infection outbreak) comes, things are still messy. The management team then reacts by changing guidelines rapidly; this further increases our work stress. Improve job incentives
All of us are under stress, especially now that there is not enough manpower … I hope that the managers can help improve our work conditions by listening to our concerns and addressing our needs… Improve morale
Improve managerial support
Improve work condition
Reduce work stress