Fig. 2.

Effect of Glycyrrhizic acid on parasite growth and LdHMGR enzyme activity. A) Effect of GA on growth of L. donovani promastigote. The growth of L. donovani was monitored over a period of 120 h. GA (34 μM) was added after 48 h and parasites were enumerated every 24 h by counting using hemocytometer. B) Left panel: Effect of GA on recombinant LdHMGR enzyme activity. The enzyme was treated with different concentrations of GA (10–100 μM) for 5 min and subsequently HMGR activity was measured at 340 nm. Right panel: Effect of atorvastatin on recombinant HMGR enzyme activity. Concentrations ranging from 1 to 1000 nM were used. C) Effect of GA on HMGR activity in L. donovani promastigotes. Promastigotes were treated with the IC₅₀ concentration of GA (34 μM) and atorvastatin (19 μM). HMGR activity was measured after 48 h of incubation with GA and atorvastatin. Data was expressed as mean ± standard deviations from three independent experiments. **p ≤ 0.01.