Table 2.

Birth and navel care practices for heifer calves (n = 2,545) on 104 US operations from March 2014 to September 2015

Variable	Level	Heifer calves
		Number	Percent
Dam lactation	First	884	38.7
	Second	606	26.6
	Third or higher	791	34.7
	Not reported	264
Calving ease	Unassisted	1,796	75.2
	Minor (1 person)	471	19.7
	Moderate (2 people)	94	3.9
	Mechanical/surgical extraction	28	1.2
	Not reported	156
Number of calves	Single	2,385	96.6
	Twins	85	3.4
	Triplets	0	0.0
	Not reported	75
Sex of birth attendant	Male	1,144	49.9
	Female	130	5.7
	Unattended	1,002	43.7
	Both	16	0.7
	Not reported	253
Navel disinfected	Yes	1,974	78.8
	No	532	23.2
	Not reported	39