Table 5.

Categorical preweaning housing and procedures practices for preweaned dairy calves (n = 2,545) on 104 US operations from March 2014 to September 2015

Variable	Level	Operations1		Heifer calves
		Number	Percent	Number	Percent
Sex of primary caretaker	Male	68	65.4	1,515	59.5
	Female	44	42.3	888	34.9
	Both	14	13.5	142	5.6
Housing	Individual	93	89.4	2,203	86.6
	Group	21	20.2	342	13.4
Ventilation	Natural	87	83.7	2,043	80.3
	Positive pressure	16	15.4	239	9.4
	Other	18	17.3	263	10.3
Bedding	Straw/hay	67	64.4	1,306	51.3
	Shavings/woodchips	31	29.8	543	21.3
	Sand	5	4.8	37	1.5
	None	13	12.5	280	11.0
	Other/combination	26	25.0	379	14.9
Dehorning/disbudding	Yes	67	64.4	1,275	52.3
	Received analgesics/anesthetics	22	32.8	354	27.8
	No	37	35.6	1,163	47.7
	Not reported	0	0.0	107
Fed calf starter	Yes	102	100.0	2,491	100.0
	With coccidiostats	51	50.0	835	33.5
	With fly control	26	25.5	360	14.5
	Not reported	2		54

¹Operation percentages were calculated by dividing the variable level by the total number of operations reported for each variable. Operations may have had calves in more than one variable level; therefore, the sum of a variable might not always equal 100%.