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. 2018 Jun 13;101(10):9168–9184. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-14010

Table 5.

Categorical preweaning housing and procedures practices for preweaned dairy calves (n = 2,545) on 104 US operations from March 2014 to September 2015

Variable Level Operations1
Heifer calves
Number Percent Number Percent
Sex of primary caretaker Male 68 65.4 1,515 59.5
Female 44 42.3 888 34.9
Both 14 13.5 142 5.6
Housing Individual 93 89.4 2,203 86.6
Group 21 20.2 342 13.4
Ventilation Natural 87 83.7 2,043 80.3
Positive pressure 16 15.4 239 9.4
Other 18 17.3 263 10.3
Bedding Straw/hay 67 64.4 1,306 51.3
Shavings/woodchips 31 29.8 543 21.3
Sand 5 4.8 37 1.5
None 13 12.5 280 11.0
Other/combination 26 25.0 379 14.9
Dehorning/disbudding Yes 67 64.4 1,275 52.3
Received analgesics/anesthetics 22 32.8 354 27.8
No 37 35.6 1,163 47.7
Not reported 0 0.0 107
Fed calf starter Yes 102 100.0 2,491 100.0
With coccidiostats 51 50.0 835 33.5
With fly control 26 25.5 360 14.5
Not reported 2 54
1

Operation percentages were calculated by dividing the variable level by the total number of operations reported for each variable. Operations may have had calves in more than one variable level; therefore, the sum of a variable might not always equal 100%.