. 2015 Mar 18;98(6):3906–3917. doi: 10.3168/jds.2015-9361

Table 2.

Pharmacokinetic parameters after oral administration of quercetin as quercetin aglycone (QA) or rutin trihydrate (RU) on d 2 and 29 of life; calves of the control group (CTRL) received no flavonoids

Item¹	Day	Group²			SE	ANOVA (P-value)
Item¹	Day	CTRL	QA	RU	SE	Group	Day	Group × day
AUC, nmol/L × h
AUC_Total	2	154^c	5947^a	4312^ab	395	0.001	0.001	0.001
	29	7.70	1336	662
AUC_Q	2	102^c	3413^a	1967^b	228	0.001	0.001	0.001
	29	26.7^b	1090^a	535^ab
AUC_K	2	31.9^b	152^a	159^a	24.4	0.02	0.001	0.05
	29	0.00	11.1	6.39
AUC_I	2	0.00^c	1390^a	447^b	70.1	0.001	0.001	0.001
	29	0.00	67.5	23.9
AUC_T	2	0.00^c	1070^b	1768^a	154	0.001	0.001	0.001
	29	0.00	58.3	19.6
C_max,⁴ nmol/L
C_{max, Total}	2	13.9^b	407^a	330^a	35.9	0.001	0.001	0.001
C_{max, Total}	29	2.24^b	168^a	74.7^ab
C_{max, Q}	2	10.7^c	238^a	129^b	19.3	0.001	0.001	0.03
	29	6.28^b	137^a	60.3^ab
C_{max, K}	2	1.96^b	12.4^a	10.9^ab	2.07	0.01	0.001	0.16
	29	0.00	3.86	2.12
C_{max, I}	2	0.00^c	94.5^a	39.6^b	5.85	0.001	0.001	0.001
	29	0.00	15.5	3.99
C_{max, T}	2	0.00^c	77.1^b	163^a	15.6	0.001	0.001	0.001
	29	0.00	9.45	3.27
T_max,⁵ h
T_{max, Total}	2	9.50	10.6	16.4	2.84	0.05	0.12	0.90
	29	6.49	6.21	10.4
T_{max, Q}	2	6.65	8.86	11.7	2.77	0.31	0.47	0.76
	29	6.44	5.93	11.1
T_{max, K}	2	10.0	9.67	12.3	4.01	0.93	0.49	0.76
	29	ND⁶	8.00	8.00
T_{max, I}	2	ND	11.4^b	19.3^a	2.56	0.001	0.88	0.09
	29	ND	5.90^b	24.0^a
T_{max, T}	2	ND	11.1	16.6	3.57	0.01	0.63	0.18
	29	ND	7.63	24.0

³AUC = area under the plasma concentration-time curve of flavonols from 0 to 24 h, calculated by subtracting baseline values (time point 0) from all other time points according to the trapezoidal rule; AUC_Total, AUC_Q, AUC_K, AUC_I, AUC_T = AUC of total flavonols (Total) or of the respective quercetin metabolites quercetin aglycone (Q), kaempferol (K), isorhamnetin (I), and tamarixetin (T), respectively.

^a–c

LSM in a row with different superscripts differ (P < 0.05).

Values are LSM with SE, n = 7 per group.

Group: QA = 30 µmol/(kg of BW × d) quercetin aglycone; RU = 30 µmol/(kg of BW × d) rutin trihydrate; CTRL = no flavonol fed.

⁴

C_max = maximum plasma concentration of flavonols subtracted by basal plasma concentration before feed intake; C_{max, Total}, C_{max, Q}, C_{max, K}, C_{max, I}, C_{max, T} = maximum plasma concentration of total flavonols (Total), quercetin aglycone (Q), kaempferol (K), isorhamnetin (I), and tamarixetin (T), respectively.

⁵

T_max = time until C_max was reached; T_{max, Total}, T_{max, Q}, T_{max, K}, T_{max, I}, T_{max, T} = time until C_{max, Total}, C_{max, Q}, _{Cmax, K}, C_{max, I}, C_{max, T} was reached, respectively.

⁶

ND = Not definable.