Table I.
General characteristics of the 83 cases and 83 matched controls: Univariable analyses
| Characteristics | Cases (n = 83) | Controls (n = 83) | P value∗ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex, n (%) | 44 (53.0) | 44 (53.0) | 1 |
| Age, y | |||
| Mean ± SD | 4.1 ± 2.3 | 3.8 ± 2.3 | .41 |
| Range | 0.6-13.1 | 0.6-12.4 | |
| Number of siblings, n (%) | |||
| 1 | 40 (48.2) | 44 (53.0) | .39 |
| 2 | 29 (34.9) | 22 (26.5) | |
| ≥3 | 12 (14.5) | 15 (18.1) | |
| NR | 2 (2.4) | 2 (2.4) | |
| Father's profession, n (%) | |||
| Senior executive or self-employed | 26 (31.3) | 22 (26.5) | .54 |
| Employee | 23 (27.7) | 33 (39.8) | |
| Farmer/craftsman, storekeeper, head of company | 14 (16.9) | 15 (18.1) | |
| Others† | 17 (20.5) | 12 (14.5) | |
| NR | 3 (3.6) | 2 (2.4) | |
| Mother's profession, n (%) | |||
| Senior executive or self employed | 25 (30.1) | 23 (27.7) | .55 |
| Employee | 35 (42.2) | 31 (37.3) | |
| Farmer/craftswoman, storekeeper, head of company | 3 (3.6) | 4 (4.8) | |
| Others† | 17 (20.5) | 23 (27.7) | |
| NR | 3 (3.6) | 2 (2.4) | |
| Site of viral infection,‡n (%) | |||
| Upper respiratory tract | 52 (62.7) | 48 (57.8) | .21 |
| Lower respiratory tract | 19 (22.9) | 28 (33.7) | |
| Others | 12 (14.5) | 7 (8.4) | |
| Fever on day 1 of viral infection, n (%) | |||
| No | 40 (48.2) | 27 (32.5) | .19 |
| Yes | 37 (44.6) | 42 (50.6) | |
| NR | 6 (7.2) | 14 (16.9) | |
| Vaccinated with PCV-7,§n (%) | 45 (54.2) | 48 (57.8) | .62 |
| Drug used on day 1 of viral infection | |||
| Antibiotic intake, n (%) | 7 (8.4) | 12 (14.5) | .21 |
| Beta-lactam agent | 5 | 9 | |
| Macrolide | 1 | 1 | |
| Others | 1 | 3 | |
| NSAID intake, n (%) | 32 (38.6) | 22 (26.5) | .08 |
| Ibuprofen | 32 | 21 | |
| Ketoprofen | 0 | 1 | |
| Other antipyretic intake, n (%) | 39 (46.9) | 41 (49.4) | .79 |
| Acetaminophen | 39 | 41 |
NR, not reported.
∗
P value of McNemar or Mantel-Haenszel χ2 tests.
†
Unemployed, housewife/husband, student, or other.
‡
Upper respiratory tract: rhinopharyngitis and pharyngitis; lower respiratory tract: bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and flu-like syndrome; others: gastroenteritis and varicella.
§
At least 1 dose of PCV-7.