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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Feb 4.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Sci Technol. 2020 Jan 24;54(3):1740–1749. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05836

Table 3.

Concentration Ratios (CRs) and Associated 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) of Specific Gravity Corrected Second Trimester Phthalate Metabolite Urinary Concentrations with Select Demographic and Anthropometric Factors.

Metabolites of High Molecular Weight Phthalates Metabolites of Low Molecular Weight Phthalates
DEHP DEHTP DiNP DiDP DOP BBzP DiBP DBP DEP
MEHP MEOHP MEHHP MECPP MECPTP MONP MCOP MCNP MCPP MBzP MHiBP MiBP MBP MHBP MEP
CR (95% CI) CR (95% CI) CR (95% CI) CR (95% CI) CR (95% CI) CR (95% CI) CR (95% CI) CR (95% CI) CR (95% CI) CR (95% CI) CR (95% CI) CR (95% CI) CR (95% CI) CR (95% CI) CR (95% CI)
Age (Second Trimester)
<25 ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref
25–35 1.08 (0.94, 1.25) 0.98 (0.86, 1.12) 1.02 (0.89, 1.16) 1.00 (0.88, 1.12) 0.90 (0.78, 1.04) 0.97 (0.84, 1.12) 0.99 (0.87, 1.13) 0.96 (0.86, 1.07) 0.98 (0.87, 1.10) 0.90 (0.76, 1.06) 1.00 (0.88, 1.14) 1.02 (0.90, 1.16) 1.06 (0.92, 1.22) 1.05 (0.90, 1.22) 1.13 (0.94, 1.36)
>35 1.00 (0.81, 1.25) 0.91 (0.74, 1.11) 0.97 (0.79, 1.19) 0.95 (0.79, 1.14) 0.83 (0.66, 1.03) 0.98 (0.78, 1.22) 1.01 (0.83, 1.23) 0.95 (0.80, 1.12) 1.03 (0.86, 1.25) 0.66 (0.51, 0.85) 0.99 (0.81, 1.21) 1.05 (0.86, 1.27) 1.19 (0.96, 1.48) 1.14 (0.90, 1.44) 1.06 (0.79, 1.40)
BMI (second trimester)
<25 ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref
25–30 0.92 (0.79, 1.07) 0.95 (0.82, 1.08) 0.97 (0.84, 1.12) 0.97 (0.85, 1.09) 0.90 (0.78, 1.05) 0.98 (0.84, 1.14) 0.95 (0.83, 1.09) 0.92 (0.82, 1.03) 0.93 (0.82, 1.05) 0.86 (0.72, 1.02) 0.98 (0.85, 1.12) 0.99 (0.86, 1.13) 0.93 (0.81, 1.08) 0.91 (0.78, 1.07) 1.19 (0.98, 1.44)
>30 0.94 (0.79, 1.12) 1.00 (0.85, 1.18) 1.05 (0.89, 1.24) 1.07 (0.93, 1.25) 0.96 (0.81, 1.15) 1.11 (0.93, 1.32) 1.14 (0.97, 1.33) 1.06 (0.93, 1.21) 0.99 (0.85, 1.15) 0.90 (0.73, 1.1) 1.04 (0.89, 1.22) 1.16 (0.99, 1.36) 1.05 (0.88, 1.24) 0.94 (0.78, 1.13) 1.15 (0.92, 1.44)
Socioeconomic Status
1 (lowest) ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref
2 1.23 (0.97, 1.56) 1.15 (0.92, 1.43) 1.16 (0.93, 1.46) 1.16 (0.95, 1.42) 1.08 (0.85, 1.37) 1.28 (1.01, 1.63) 1.26 (1.02, 1.56) 1.13 (0.94, 1.35) 1.12 (0.91, 1.37) 1.31 (0.99, 1.73) 1.14 (0.92, 1.42) 1.12 (0.9, 1.38) 1.31 (1.03, 1.66) 1.31 (1.01, 1.68) 1.34 (0.99, 1.83)
3 1.24 (0.96, 1.60) 1.02 (0.80, 1.29) 1.05 (0.82, 1.33) 1.01 (0.82, 1.26) 0.98 (0.75, 1.27) 1.12 (0.86, 1.45) 1.10 (0.87, 1.38) 0.99 (0.82, 1.21) 1.10 (0.88, 1.36) 1.22 (0.91, 1.65) 1.09 (0.86, 1.37) 1.04 (0.82, 1.30) 1.28 (1.00, 1.65) 1.33 (1.01, 1.74) 1.42 (1.02, 1.97)
4 1.16 (0.88, 1.53) 1.02 (0.79, 1.32) 1.07 (0.82, 1.39) 0.99 (0.78, 1.25) 0.87 (0.66, 1.15) 1.27 (0.96, 1.68) 1.20 (0.94, 1.54) 1.04 (0.85, 1.29) 1.08 (0.86, 1.37) 1.18 (0.86, 1.64) 1.12 (0.87, 1.44) 1.06 (0.83, 1.36) 1.32 (1.01, 1.73) 1.35 (1.01, 1.81) 1.53 (1.07, 2.18)
5–6 (highest) 1.37 (1.02, 1.83) 1.10 (0.84, 1.44) 1.10 (0.84, 1.45) 1.03 (0.80, 1.32) 0.86 (0.64, 1.16) 1.22 (0.91, 1.65) 1.04 (0.80, 1.36) 1.03 (0.82, 1.28) 1.13 (0.88, 1.44) 1.24 (0.88, 1.75) 1.25 (0.96, 1.62) 1.22 (0.94, 1.59) 1.43 (1.07, 1.90) 1.46 (1.07, 1.99) 1.57 (1.08, 2.29)
Education
< High School ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref
High School 1.08 (0.93, 1.25) 1.07 (0.93, 1.23) 1.06 (0.92, 1.22) 1.04 (0.92, 1.18) 1.01 (0.87, 1.18) 1.02 (0.87, 1.18) 1.01 (0.88, 1.15) 1.03 (0.92, 1.16) 1.08 (0.95, 1.23) 1.20 (1.01, 1.43) 1.08 (0.94, 1.23) 1.05 (0.91, 1.20) 1.08 (0.93, 1.25) 1.16 (0.99, 1.35) 1.16 (0.95, 1.41)
>High School 1.01 (0.85, 1.19) 0.90 (0.77, 1.05) 0.91 (0.78, 1.07) 0.86 (0.75, 0.99) 0.74 (0.63, 0.88) 0.92 (0.78, 1.09) 0.91 (0.78, 1.06) 1.00 (0.88, 1.13) 0.97 (0.84, 1.12) 0.83 (0.68, 1.01) 0.96 (0.83, 1.12) 0.95 (0.82, 1.11) 1.02 (0.87, 1.21) 1.07 (0.89, 1.28) 1.13 (0.91, 1.40)
First Pregnancy
Yes ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref ref
No 1.09 (0.95, 1.25) 1.02 (0.90, 1.15) 1.05 (0.92, 1.19) 1.03 (0.92, 1.16) 1.22 (1.06, 1.39) 1.02 (0.89, 1.17) 1.05 (0.93, 1.19) 0.96 (0.86, 1.06) 0.97 (0.86, 1.09) 1.04 (0.88, 1.21) 1.08 (0.96, 1.22) 1.15 (1.02, 1.30) 1.06 (0.92, 1.21) 0.97 (0.84, 1.11) 0.89 (0.75, 1.06)