. 2020 Mar 25;15(3):e0230368. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230368

Table 3. Multivariate analyses for ≥5% BMD loss at month 60 at the lumbar spine, total hip and femoral neck.

Baseline variates for both PLHIV and HIV-uninfected participants	BMD ≥5% reduction at lumbar spine^* (prevalence, 35%)		BMD ≥5% reduction at total hip^* (prevalence, 28%)		BMD ≥5% reduction at femoral neck^* (prevalence, 42%)
	aOR (95% CI)	P-value	aOR (95% CI)	P-value	aOR (95% CI)	P-value
Age (vs. <40 years)
≥40	1.5 (0.6–3.7)	0.4	1.2 (0.5–3.1)	0.7	1.7 (0.7–3.9)	0.2
Female (vs. male)	4.1 (1.7–10.2)	0.02	1.9 (0.8–4.6)	0.2	1.2 (0.5–2.6)	0.6
BMI (vs. <25 kg/m²)
≥25	1.7 (0.6–4.5)	0.3	1.4 (0.5–3.8)	0.6	2.2 (0.9–5.5)	0.1
HIV status (vs. HIV negative)
HIV started with TDF	7.0 (2.3–21.0)	0.001	4.9 (1.7–14.3)	0.003	4.3 (1.6–11.2)	0.003
HIV started with non-TDF	2.1 (0.5–8.1)	0.3	0.7 (0.1–3.7)	0.7	1.7 (0.5–5.9)	0.4
Baseline variates for PLHIV only	BMD ≥5% reduction at lumbar spine^ (prevalence, 43%)**		BMD ≥5% reduction at total hip^ (prevalence, 35%)**		BMD ≥5% reduction at femoral neck^ (prevalence, 50%)**
Baseline variates for PLHIV only	aOR (95% CI)	P-value	aOR (95% CI)	P-value	aOR (95% CI)	P-value
Age (vs. <40 years)
≥40	1.2 (0.4–3.6)	0.8	1.0 (0.3–3.4)	1.0	2.4 (0.8–7.2)	0.1
Female (vs. male)	3.0 (1.0–8.8)	0.05	2.1 (0.7–6.7)	0.2	1.1 (0.4–3.2)	0.8
BMI (vs. <25 kg/m²)
≥25	3.2 (0.8–13.1)	0.1	3.1 (0.7–14.5)	0.1	2.9 (0.7–11.3)	0.1
cART regimen (vs. non-TDF)
TDF	3.1 (0.9–11.1)	0.1	11.7 (2.1–64)	0.005	2.8 (0.8–9.2)	0.1
Baseline CD4+ cell count (vs. ≥350 cells/mm3)
< 350 cells/mm3	1.9 (0.5–7.1)	0.3	7.1 (1.3–38.8)	0.02	2.3 (0.7–7.9)	0.2
Baseline HIV RNA level (log₁₀ copies/mL)	2.1 (1.0–4.5)	0.06	0.8 (0.4–1.9)	0.7	1.2 (0.6–2.5)	0.5

* Multivariate models with both PLHIV and HIV-uninfected controls were adjusted for age, sex, BMI and HIV status.

** Multivariate models with only PLHIV that were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, cART regimen (TDF vs. non-TDF), baseline CD4 count and baseline HIV-RNA level.