Table 4. Group-level validation tests comparing energy-adjusted food intakes estimated by the food frequency questionnaire and the 24-hour recall at each time-point†.
| Food items | Age 1.5 years (n = 231) | Age 3.5 years (n = 172) | Age 5.0 yearsT3(n = 187) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bland-Altman Spearman rs P-value | Bland-Altman LOA index | Bland-Altman Spearman rs P-value | Bland-Altman LOA index | Bland-Altman Spearman rs P-value | Bland-Altman LOA index | |
| Water | 0.20 | 4.8% | 0.04 | 3.5% | 0.02 | 2.1% |
| Milk | <0.001 | 5.2% | 0.03 | 5.8% | 0.002 | 3.7% |
| All other beverages | 0.01 | 3.0% | <0.001 | 7.0% | 0.01 | 4.3% |
| Cheese | 0.52 | 6.0% | <0.001 | 6.4% | <0.001 | 4.8% |
| Yoghurt | 0.34 | 6.1% | 0.31 | 6.4% | 0.001 | 4.3% |
| Cream/ ice-cream/custards | 0.01 | 6.1% | 0.55 | 2.9% | 0.06 | 4.3% |
| Non-white bread | 0.44 | 7.8% | <0.001 | 6.4% | <0.001 | 5.3% |
| White bread | 0.09 | 6.9% | 0.02 | 7.6% | 0.75 | 7.5% |
| Breakfast cereal | <0.001 | 6.0% | <0.001 | 7.6% | <0.001 | 5.9% |
| Rice/pasta/other cereals | 0.001 | 3.9% | 0.001 | 4.7% | 0.004 | 5.3% |
| Red meat | 0.53 | 5.6% | 0.90 | 5.8% | 0.65 | 5.3% |
| Poultry | 0.04 | 6.9% | 0.25 | 5.8% | <0.001 | 4.8% |
| Seafood | 0.11 | 6.5% | 0.047 | 6.4% | 0.06 | 6.4% |
| Processed meat | <0.001 | 5.2% | <0.001 | 5.2% | 0.015 | 5.3% |
| Eggs | 0.02 | 6.5% | 0.003 | 1.1% | 0.004 | 6.4% |
| Fruit | 0.002 | 5.2% | 0.09 | 7.6% | <0.001 | 4.3% |
| Vegetables (no potatoes) | 0.19 | 6.5% | 0.24 | 5.8% | 0.103 | 7.0% |
| Potato | 0.01 | 5.2% | 0.02 | 4.7% | 0.001 | 5.3% |
| Hot chips | 0.004 | 5.2% | 0.09 | 4.7% | 0.27 | 9.1% |
| Takeaway style foods | 0.61 | 5.2% | 0.02 | 8.1% | 0.08 | 4.3% |
| Sweet snack foods | <0.001 | 4.3% | <0.001 | 5.2% | <0.001 | 4.3% |
| Savoury snack foods | <0.001 | 5.2% | 0.09 | 4.7% | <0.001 | 4.3% |
| Crispbreads and crackers | <0.001 | 6.1% | 0.65 | 4.1% | 0.003 | 7.0% |
| Nuts and seeds | <0.001 | 3.9% | 0.58 | 5.2% | 0.45 | 7.5% |
| Butter and margarine | <0.001 | 4.8% | 0.01 | 5.2% | 0.052 | 5.9% |
| Sugars, jams and honey | 0.01 | 4.3% | <0.001 | 4.7% | <0.001 | 4.3% |
†Bland-Altman Spearman’s correlation r P-value ≤0.05 (presence of proportional bias), Bland-Altman Limits of Agreement (LOA) index (<5% being acceptable)