Table 1.
Biodiversity loss can increase transmission
| Disease | Mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Amphibian limb malformation | B | 12 |
| Bacteriophage of Pseudomonas syringae | B | 52 |
| Coral diseases | A | 53 |
| Fungal disease of Daphnia | B | 54 |
| Hantavirus disease | A, B | 23, 55, 56, 57 |
| Helminthic parasite of fish | A* | 58 |
| Lyme disease | A, B | 18, 22, 59 |
| Malaria | A | 60 |
| Puccinia rust infection of ryegrass | A* | 10 |
| Schistosomiasis | B | 12 |
| Trematode diseases of snails and birds | B | 61, 62, 63 |
| West Nile fever | A*, B* | 7, 8, 9, 64 |
Disease examples are since 2005. A more complete table, including several counterexamples, is available from the corresponding author. Mechanisms for effects were reported by authors or demonstrated in the text (A = host/vector abundance; B = host/vector/parasite behaviour; see Box 1 for details). Asterisks indicate a suggested mechanism. Other studies have been reviewed elsewhere21,65.