Table 2.
Parameters in the first day of ECMO and complications
| All (n = 545) |
Survivors (n = 353) |
Non-survivors (n = 192) |
p valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ventilatory parameters | ||||
| Tidal volume, ml/kg PBW | 4.0 ± 1.7 | 4.0 ± 1.6 | 4.0 ± 1.9 | 0.934 |
| Tidal volume, ml/kg ABW | 3.2 ± 1.6 | 3.1 ± 1.5 | 3.4 ± 1.8 | 0.075 |
| PEEP, cmH2O | 12.9 ± 3.4 | 13.0 ± 3.3 | 12.5 ± 3.7 | 0.125 |
| FiO2 | 0.69 ± 0.24 | 0.67 ± 0.23 | 0.74 ± 0.23 | 0.005 |
| Plateau pressure, cmH2O | 26.2 ± 4.6 | 26.0 ± 4.3 | 26.7 ± 5.1 | 0.205 |
| Driving pressure, cmH2O | 13.7 ± 5.3 | 13.3 ± 4.8 | 14.5 ± 6.2 | 0.048 |
| Respiratory rate, bpm | 17.8 ± 8.0 | 17.4 ± 7.7 | 18.7 ± 8.7 | 0.105 |
| Minute ventilation, l/min | 5.0 ± 3.2 | 4.8 ± 2.9 | 5.3 ± 3.3 | 0.117 |
| Static complianceb | 23.2 ± 18.8 | 22.7 ± 16.9 | 24.1 ± 22.3 | 0.564 |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| PaO2, mmHg | 95.9 ± 55.9 | 96.8 ± 51.6 | 94.6 ± 64.9 | 0.702 |
| PaO2/FiO2, mmHg | 152.5 ± 96.8 | 158.3 ± 96.8 | 139.1 ± 95.9 | 0.051 |
| PaCO2, mmHg | 40.3 ± 9.5 | 40.1 ± 9.2 | 40.4 ± 9.7 | 0.764 |
| pHa | 7.39 ± 0.11 | 7.41 ± 0.08 | 7.36 ± 0.14 | <0.001 |
| Lactate, mg/dL | 34.8 ± 38.1 | 29.9 ± 34.8 | 46.7 ± 43.0 | 0.003 |
| ECMO parameters | ||||
| Flow, l/min | 4.3 ± 1.1 | 4.3 ± 1.1 | 4.4 ± 1.1 | 0.482 |
| Sweep gas flow, l/min | 6.2 ± 2.3 | 6.1 ± 2.1 | 6.4 ± 2.6 | 0.459 |
| Hemodynamics | ||||
| MAP, mmHg | ||||
| Day 01 | 75.8 ± 10.7 | 76.0 ± 9.5 | 71.4 ± 13.8 | 0.420 |
| Day 02 | 78.3 ± 12.7 | 78.8 ± 12.4 | 79.7 ± 16.9 | 0.496 |
| Day 03 | 80.7 ± 8.3 | 81.4 ± 8.5 | 78.0 ± 9.5 | 0.750 |
| Norepinephrine, µg/kg/minc | ||||
| Day 01 | 0.12 ± 0.39 | 0.11 ± 0.29 | 0.15 ± 0.55 | 0.377 |
| Day 02 | 0.07 ± 0.30 | 0.07 ± 0.18 | 0.10 ± 0.48 | 0.915 |
| Day 03 | 0.06 ± 0.25 | 0.06 ± 0.20 | 0.07 ± 0.34 | 0.535 |
| Complications | ||||
| Bleeding events | 136 (24.9) | 69 (19.5) | 67 (34.9) | 0.019 |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage | 15 (2.8) | 3 (0.8) | 12 (6.2) | <0.001 |
Data shown as mean ± standard deviation or number (percentage)
ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, PBW predicted body weight, PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure, BPM breaths per minute, ABW actual body weight, MIN minutes, FiO 2 inspired fraction of oxygen
a p for survivor vs. no-survivor
bStatic compliance calculated as tidal volume/plateau pressure minus PEEP (ml/cmH2O)
cDefined as total dose during whole day divided by weight and 1440 min