Table 1.
Live vaccines and their approximate times of availability
| Development strategy | Date | Vaccine or target |
|---|---|---|
| Use of related animal virus | 1798 | Smallpox |
| Chemical attenuation | 1885 | Rabies |
| 1881 | Anthrax | |
| Passage in vitro | 1927 | BCG |
| 1935 | Yellow fever | |
| Cell culture passage | 1962 | OPV |
| 1963 | Measles | |
| 1971 | Adenoviruses | |
| 1995 | Varicella | |
| 2005 | Rotavirus 89-12 | |
| Cell culture passage with cold adaptation | 1969 | Rubella |
| 2003 | Live influenza | |
| Auxotrophy | 1989 | Ty21a typhoid |
| Use of reassortants | 1970s | Inactivated influenza seed |
| 2003 | Live influenza | |
| 2005 | Rotavirus bovine-human |
OPV, oral polio vaccine.