Pushpa 2018.

Methods	Design: RCT
Participants	Country: India Setting: outpatient − Department of Physiology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru Severity of asthma: mild‐moderate bronchial asthma Diagnosis criteria: not described Total sample: 60 participants, 30 in each group Mean age, years: 31.00 ± 9.03 (control group) and 32.67 ± 8.69 (intervention group) Age range, years: 18‐50 years Gender: 10 men and 20 women (in each group) Inclusion criteria: the study included diagnosed cases of bronchial asthma, aged 18−50 years with an established diagnosis for at least 6 months, mild‐moderate cases meeting NAEPP classification. Participants on inhaled beta2‐agonist (short‐acting and long‐acting) with stable medication dose for past 1 month. Exclusion criteria: study excluded smokers, patients with concomitant lung disease, those who practised yoga or any other similar discipline during 6 months preceding the study, pregnancy, any chronic medical condition that required a treatment with oral/systemic steroids in the past months, any medical condition that contraindicated exercise, history of TB, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, coronary artery disease, musculoskeletal deformities, and status asthmaticus.
Interventions	Intervention group: yoga training group practised yoga exercises along with the medication, yogic exercises used by the participants included pranayamas (deep breathing exercises), kapalabhati (cleaning breath), bhastrika (rapid and deep respiratory movements like that of the bellows), ujjayi (loud sound producing pranayama) and sukhapurvaka pranayama (easy comfortable breathing), meditation, and shavasana (relaxation technique) under the guidance of trained yoga teacher. Control group: only pharmacological therapy Frequency of intervention: 45 min/day for 2 weeks and instructed to practise at home for 45 min twice daily, regularly for remaining 6 weeks and were instructed to maintain a diary record of each day of yoga practice.
Outcomes	Lung function (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFR, FEF25‐75%) Airway resistance (RAW) Specific airway conductance (sGAW)
Notes	Funding: none Register number: not described
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	The method of sequence generation was not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	The method of concealment was not described
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	This study did not report any procedures intended to blind the participants and personnel, and blinding was probably not possible due to the nature of the intervention, so we judged it to have high risk of bias
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement of 'low risk' or 'high risk'
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement of 'low risk' or 'high risk'
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Study protocol was not available, but the published reports included all expected outcomes, including those that were prespecified
Other bias	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to assess whether an important risk of bias exists