Table III.
Outcomes at 22–26 months’ corrected age by BPD grade.
| Variable | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No BPD (N=1,208) | Any BPD (N=1,102) | P-valueA | Grade 1 (N=806) | Grade 2 (N=177) | Grade 3 (N=119) | P-valueA | |
| Corrected age (months), mean (SD) | 24.4 (2.8) | 24.6 (2.7) | 0.128 | 24.5 (2.6) | 24.8 (3.3) | 24.4 (2.2) | .176 |
| Bayley-III composite, mean (SD)B | |||||||
| Cognitive | 89.1 (14.2) | 83.0 (16.2) | <0.001^ | 85.5 (15.4) | 79.5 (16.3) | 71.0 (15.5) | <.001*†‡§¶ǂ |
| Language | 85.5 (16.4) | 78.7 (17.5) | <0.001^ | 81.2 (17.0) | 74.6 (17.1) | 67.1 (16.6) | <.001*†‡§¶ǂ |
| Motor | 89.4 (15.1) | 80.8 (17.2) | <0.001^ | 83.6 (15.6) | 76.9 (18.2) | 68.0 (19.0) | <.001*†‡§¶ǂ |
| CBCL syndrome scales, mean (SD) | |||||||
| Aggressive Behavior | 55.1 (8.1) | 54.4 (7.3) | 0.050^ | 54.8 (7.6) | 53.6 (5.8) | 53.5 (7.2) | .023 |
| Anxious/Depressed | 53.5 (5.6) | 53.5 (5.5) | 0.896 | 53.7 (5.7) | 53.1 (5.1) | 52.8 (4.7) | .332 |
| Attention Problems | 56.9 (8.0) | 57.5 (8.1) | 0.067 | 57.6 (8.3) | 56.8 (7.7) | 57.3 (7.1) | .189 |
| Emotionally Reactive | 54.1 (6.5) | 54.2 (6.7) | 0.747 | 54.4 (6.9) | 53.7 (5.9) | 53.7 (6.5) | .454 |
| Sleep Problems | 54.8 (7.8) | 54.1 (7.5) | 0.024^ | 54.5 (7.6) | 53.1 (6.4) | 52.9 (6.9) | .008† |
| Somatic Complaints | 53.6 (5.7) | 54.2 (6.3) | 0.025^ | 54.0 (6.4) | 54.3 (5.8) | 55.0 (6.0) | .055 |
| Withdrawn | 55.8 (7.5) | 56.9 (8.4) | <0.001^ | 56.6 (8.4) | 57.5 (8.4) | 58.5 (8.8) | <.001†‡ |
| CBCL DSM-oriented scales, mean (SD) | |||||||
| Affective Problems | 54.6 (6.4) | 54.7 (6.4) | 0.619 | 54.8 (6.7) | 54.7 (5.8) | 54.1 (5.2) | .656 |
| Anxiety Problems | 54.1 (6.4) | 53.9 (6.5) | 0.583 | 54.2 (6.7) | 53.4 (6.1) | 53.3 (5.5) | .320 |
| Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Problems | 56.2 (7.3) | 56.1 (7.2) | 0.752 | 56.4 (7.4) | 55.5 (6.8) | 55.4 (5.8) | .289 |
| Oppositional Defiant Problems | 54.7 (7.1) | 54.4 (6.8) | 0.374 | 54.7 (6.9) | 53.7 (6.2) | 53.7 (6.2) | .150 |
| Pervasive Developmental Problems | 56.2 (7.9) | 57.5 (8.5) | <0.001^ | 57.3 (8.7) | 57.4 (7.9) | 59.0 (8.2) | <.001*‡ |
| CBCL problem scores, mean (SD) | |||||||
| Externalizing Problems | 51.1 (11.9) | 50.6 (11.5) | 0.247 | 51.1 (11.7) | 49.1 (10.8) | 49.1 (10.7) | .051 |
| Internalizing Problems | 49.2 (11.0) | 49.9 (11.3) | 0.094 | 49.8 (11.5) | 49.9 (10.8) | 51.3 (9.8) | .179 |
| Total Problems | 51.0 (11.7) | 51.1 (11.5) | 0.882 | 51.4 (11.9) | 50.1 (10.9) | 50.8 (10.0) | .598 |
| Neurosensory outcomes, N (%) | |||||||
| Cerebral palsy | 149 (12.4) | 232 (21.2) | <0.001^ | 139 (17.3) | 43 (24.9) | 50 (42.0) | <.001*†‡§¶ǂ |
| Hearing impairment | 24 (2.0) | 38 (3.5) | 0.028^ | 24 (3.0) | 8 (4.7) | 6 (5.1) | .059 |
| Bilateral blindness | 9 (0.7) | 21 (1.9) | 0.014^ | 9 (1.1) | 5 (2.9) | 7 (5.9) | <.001ঠ|
| Pulmonary outcomes, N (%) | |||||||
| Current supplemental oxygen use | 12 (1.0) | 115 (10.5) | <0.001^ | 41 (5.1) | 36 (20.5) | 38 (31.9) | <.001*†‡§¶ǂ |
| Current ventilator or CPAP use | 4 (0.3) | 34 (3.1) | <0.001^ | 6 (0.7) | 8 (4.6) | 20 (16.8) | <.001†‡§¶ǂ |
| Current tracheostomy | 1 (0.1) | 75 (7) | <0.001^ | 7 (0.9) | 15 (8.5) | 53 (44.5) | <.001*†‡§¶ǂ |
A
Statistically significant differences at p<0.05 after adjustment for multiple comparisons:
^
No BPD vs. Any BPD;
*
No BPD vs. Grade 1;
†
No BPD vs. Grade 2;
‡
No BPD vs. Grade 3;
§
Grade 1 vs. Grade 2;
¶
Grade 1 vs. Grade 3;
ǂ
Grade 2 vs. Grade 3.
B
Bayley-III composite scores were available for a subset of children for whom the CBCL was completed: N=1151 children with no BPD, N=773 children with grade 1 BPD, N=169 children with grade 2 BPD, and N=110 children with grade 3 BPD.