Table 1.
Participant Characteristics
| Placebo (n = 86) | TE + IMP (n = 86) | |
|---|---|---|
| Demographic Information | ||
| Age, y (SD) | 51.0 (3.2) | 51.0 (3.0) |
| Race, No. (%) | ||
| Caucasian | 60/86 (70) | 70/86 (81) |
| African American | 20/86 (23) | 13/86 (15) |
| Other | 6/86 (7) | 3/86 (4) |
| Educationa, mean (SD) | 7.0 (1.1) | 6.8 (1.1) |
| Incomeb, mean (SD) | 9.0 (3.1) | 8.7 (3.3) |
| Reproductive Stage, No. (%) | ||
| Early Peri | 18/86 (21) | 18/86 (21) |
| Late Peri | 48/86 (56) | 51/86 (59) |
| Early Post | 20/86 (23) | 17/86 (20) |
| Plasma estradiol, pg/mL | 90.1 (55.2) | 104.7 (102.2) |
| Current smoker, No. (%) | 6/86 (7) | 4/86 (5) |
| Hot flash bother (SD; 0 = not at all; 3 = extremely) | 1.1 (0.9) | 1.0 (0.9) |
| Night sweat bother (SD; 0 = not at all; 3 = extremely) | 1.1 (0.9) | 0.9 (1.0) |
| Baseline Arterial Disease Risk Factors | ||
| Resting SBP (mmHg) | 112.0 (11.9) | 112.5 (11.3) |
| Resting DBP (mmHg) | 70.7 (7.4) | 70.1 (8.3) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.8 (3.7) | 25.5 (3.6) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 88.4 (13.7) | 87.2 (13.8) |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 115.4 (3.2) | 119.9 (29.7) |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 70.0 (1.8) | 67.4 (16.4) |
| Fasting insulin (mIU/L) | 12.2 (5.3) | 13.0 (6.0) |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 87.4 (9.5) | 89.1 (8.9) |
| HOMA-IR (mass units) | 2.7 (1.4) | 2.9 (1.5) |
| Elevated metabolic risk, No. (%) | 26/86 (24) | 23/86 (28) |
| Fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) | 79.3 (37.3) | 88.1 (47.9) |
| FMD (%) | 7.1 (5.2) | 7.0 (4.7) |
| NMD (%) | 28.1 (9.9) | 28.1 (9.2) |
| Baseline Measures Obtained during Stress Testing (averaged across all testing phases) | ||
| SBP (mmHg) | 127.7 (20.7) | 125.9 (19.6) |
| DBP (mmHg) | 77.7 (10.5) | 77.4 (10.7) |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 74.7 (13.6) | 74.7 (15.3) |
| Cardiac output (l/min) | 7.0 (2.0) | 6.8 (2.1) |
| Total peripheral resistance (mmHg*min*mL-1) | 1140.2 (363.4) | 1193.8 (372.1) |
| Cortisol (μg/dL) | 7.6 (4.4) | 7.6 (4.5) |
| ACTH (pg/mL) | 65.3 (24.1) | 68.8 (33.0) |
| Epinephrine (pg/mL) | 54.2 (79.0) | 61.8 (58.3) |
| Norepinephrine (pg/mL) | 441.7 (171.4) | 424.4 (147.7) |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 1.4 (0.9) | 1.3 (0.5) |
| Baroreceptor sensitivity (msec/mmHg) | 5.2 (2.6) | 5.2 (2.8) |
Abbreviations: ACTH, adenocorticotropic hormone; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FMD, flow-mediated dilation; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; IL-6, interleukin-6; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NMD, nitroglycerine-mediated dilatation; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
a6 = some college (including completion of junior college); 7 = graduated from 4-year college.
b8 = $50 000 to $79 999; 9 = $80 000 to $99 999.