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. 2020 Mar 25;3:144. doi: 10.1038/s42003-020-0870-z

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a For the E14 embryos (JB strain), the heterozygous (Cp/+) embryo has short forelimbs and hindlimbs, compared to the wild-type (+/+) embryo. The phenotype of the homozygous (Cp/Cp) embryo is similar to the embryo with phocomelia syndrome. The lateral-view images of the Alizarin red/Alcian blue-stained embryos demonstrates that the bones and cartilage are visualized with Alizarin red and Alcian blue, respectively. Bar, 5 mm. High-magnification dorsal views of the forelimb (FL) and hindlimb (HL) show that the limbs are oriented with the anterior side up and the posterior side down. The digits are located on the distal side of the limb. Bar, 1 mm. b The morphologies of the +/+, Cp/+, and Cp/Cp embryos at E3 from the GSP/Cp strain. The Cp/Cp embryos displayed hypoplasia of the blood vessels in the yolk sac, malformation, and slow growth of the brain (yellow arrowhead) and heart tube (magenta arrow). The blood cells were not circulated in the Cp/Cp embryos, and the heart beat slowly. Bar, 1 mm (upper panels), 500 μm (lower panels).