Figure 22.

A, Coexistence of RSE and the periodic switch between nonoscillatory state and NS. The simulations are performed without noise. Here, the SLE attractor reduces to the periodic switch between nonoscillatory state and NS, which coexists with a stable LC for m = −1 and $x_0=-1.6$ ($I_{ex{t}_2}=0$). This periodic switch occurs through a fold/fold bifurcation. The arrows indicate the direction of trajectories. For easier visualization, we plot generalized coordinates (X, Y) corresponding to ($-10x_1+x_2,\hspace{0.17em}5y_1$) for the periodic switch between nonoscillatory state and NS (top) and to ($-0.3x_1+x_2,\hspace{0.17em}0.06y_1$) for LC (bottom). LC is characteristic of RSE. B, C, Time series of this periodic switch (B) and LC (C). Parameter settings correspond to region VIII in Figure 34 and to region 13 in Figure 35. A, Top, I.C = [0 −5 3 0 0 0.01], T_s = [0 220], and r  =  0.01. A, Bottom, I.C = [4 −1 0.5 0 0 0.01], T_s = [0 120], and r  =  0.01. The coexistence of LC and S can be found in area II (Fig. 12B).