Table 4.
Anode materials, synthetic methods and electrochemical performance of Sn, SnO2, and SnS2-based composite anodes in SIBs.
| Anode materials | Synthetic method | ICE (%) | Cyclability (mAh/g) | Rate performance (mAh/g) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sn0.9Cu0.1 | Surfactant-assistant wet chemistry | — | 420 (100 cycles at 169 mA/g) | 126 (at 1.694 A/g) | Lin et al., 2013 |
| Yolk-shell Sn4P3@C | Hydrothermal treatment and thermal reduction | 43.8 | 515 (50 cycles at 100 mA/g) | 421 (at 3 A/g) | Liu J. et al., 2015 |
| SnSb/C composite | Mechanical milling | 75.1 | 435 (50 cycles at 100 mA/g) | 274 (at 1 A/g) | Xiao et al., 2012 |
| Porous Ni3Sn2 microcages | Solvothermal reduction and crystallization | 35.5 | 270 (300 cycles at 1A/g) | 351 (at 5 A/g) 276 (at 10 A/g) | Liu J. et al., 2014 |
| C@SnS/SnO2@graphene | Hydrothermal synthesis and sulfidation | 74.6 | 713 (70 cycles at 30 mA/g) | 550 (at 810 mA/g) 430 (at 2430 mA/g) | Zheng et al., 2016 |
| MoS2@SnO2@C | Hydrothermal method and thermal treatment | 67.99 | 396 (150 cycles at 50 mA/g) | 168 (at 2 A/g) | Chen et al., 2018 |
| SnO2@graphene | Hydrothermal synthesis | About 30.9 | 638 (100 cycles at 20 mA/g) | 263 (320 mA/g) 143 (640 mA/g) | Su et al., 2013 |
| Porous SnO2/Cu foil | Cold rolling method and anodization | 73 | 326 (200 cycles at 200 mA/g) | 232 (at 2 A/g) 150 (at 5 A/g) | Bian et al., 2016 |
| Exfoliated SnS2/graphene | Sol-gel method and hydrothermal treatment | 69 | 618.9 (100 cycles at 200 mA/g) | 326 (at 4 A/g) | Liu Y. et al., 2014 |
| SnS2/C nanospheres | Solid-state fabrication | about 54.5 | 600 (100 cycles at 50 mA/g) | 360 (at 1 A/g) | Wang J. et al., 2015 |
| SnS2/graphene/SnS2 | Hydrothermal synthesis | 66.8 | 1133 (100 cycles at 100 mA/g) | 765 (at 10 A/g) | Jiang et al., 2019 |
| TiO2@SnS2@Nitrogen-doped carbon | Combination of chemical synthesis in organic solution, hydrothermal synthesis and ALD | 64.2 | 293 (600 cycles at 1 A/g) | 152 (at 10 A/g) | Ren et al., 2018 |
| Graphene/Sn@carbonaceous foam | Hydrothermal method and thermal reduction | About 55.1 | 434.2 (100 cycles at 100 mA/g) | 166 (at 1.6 A/g) 3.2 (at 3.2 A/g) | Luo B. et al., 2016 |
| MoS2/SnS2-graphene oxide (GO) | One-pot hydrothermal synthesis | 76.5 | 655 (100 cycles at 150 mA/g) | 550 (at 1.5 A/g) 340 (at 6.0 A/g) | Jiang Y. et al., 2017 |
ICE, Initial coulombic efficiency.