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. 2020 Mar 19;11:300. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00300

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Copyright © 2020 Zhang, Cui, Jin, Han, Wang, Yang, Xu, Shan, Gao, Li, Zuo, Yang and Chang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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SAL treatment attenuated intestinal mucosal inflammation in ZDF rats. (A) LPS level in ileum extract supernatant. (B, C) Immunohistochemical (IHC) quantification and analysis of TLR4, NF-кB, and TNF-α expression (original magnification: ×400; scale bar: 100 μm). (D, E) Immunoﬂuorescence quantification and analysis of iNOS (represents M1 macrophage), Arg-1 (represents M2 macrophage) (original magnification: ×400; scale bar: 100 μm). (F) Serum LPS level. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test compared differences between group pairs. Data are means ± SEM. *P < 0.05 vs. ZL rats; ^#P < 0.05 vs. ZDF rats.