Table 1.
XPS analysis of the surface elemental composition of pure alginate and GelMA IPN hydrogels, before and after functionalization with nanoliposomes.
| Hydrogel | % O 1s | % C 1s | % N 1s | % O 1s O=C | % O 1s O–C | % N 1s C-(NH,NH2) |
% C 1s C-(C,H) |
% C 1s C–O |
% C 1s C = O | % P 2p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alg 2% | 26.35 | 54.63 | 1.49 | 58.8 | 33.33 | 100 | 37.24 | 38.46 | 24.3 | – |
| Alg 2% + lip 5% | 17.47 | 78.11 | – | 27.96 | 65.83 | – | 68.44 | 22.85 | 4.47 | 0.62 |
| GelMA | 17.39 | 68.05 | 14.41 | 61.56 | 27.46 | 100 | 44.29 | 32.65 | 19.69 | – |
| GelMA + lip 5% | 16.21 | 74.33 | 9.09 | 49.64 | 35.61 | 100 | 55.01 | 27.87 | 13.05 | 0.38 |
| Alg 2% + G | 19.18 | 65.87 | 14.95 | 64.57 | 25.93 | 95.05 | 39.22 | 34.5 | 21.98 | – |
| Alg 2% + G + lip 5% | 17.48 | 72.40 | 9.24 | 47.41 | 38.71 | 93.97 | 53.40 | 28.22 | 13.97 | 0.3 |
| Alg 1% + G | 17.88 | 61.06 | 16.66 | 67.87 | 23.67 | 95.24 | 39.83 | 35.98 | 20.20 | – |
| Alg 1% + G + lip 5% | 20.86 | 77.8 | – | 44.28 | 44.48 | – | 55.20 | 27.76 | 12.34 | 0.51 |
| Alg 0.5% + G | 20.98 | 78.24 | – | 66.09 | 24.57 | – | 42.28 | 33.99 | 19.86 | – |
| Alg 0.5% + G + lip 5% | 20.76 | 78.77 | – | 59.21 | 29.10 | – | 43.60 | 30.87 | 20.84 | – |
XPS = X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; GelMA = gelatin methacryloyl; IPN = interpenetrating polymer network.