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. 2009 Jul 24;8(8):661–677. doi: 10.1038/nrd2852

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© Nature Publishing Group 2009

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

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a | The affinity of carbohydrate-derived drugs can be improved by pre-organization in the bioactive conformation. In solution, the core conformation (shown in red) of sialyl Lewis^x is in the range of +10° to −60° and the acid orientation (shown in blue) is in the range of +80° to +150°. In the bioactive conformation (complex 29), the core conformation is approximately −40° and an acid orientation is approximately 110° (Refs 175–178). The degree of pre-organization of a mimetic in the bioactive conformation, as shown in complex 30, can be correlated with its affinity^130,141. b | Affinity can be improved by establishing new enthalpic interactions; comparisons of the binding mode of Neu5Ac2en (compound 31), zanamivir (Relenza)⁷ and oseltamivir (Tamiflu)⁹ to neuraminidase are depicted. bb, backbone; sc, side chains.