Table 3. Key oncolytic viruses in clinical trials.
| Virus | Manufacturer | Modification | Number of clinical trials | Cancers | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase I | Phase II | Phase III | ||||
| Adenovirus | ||||||
| Onyx-015 | Onyx Pharmaceuticals | Type 2/5 chimaera, E1B deletion | 6 | 6 | 0 | Head and neck cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer, gliomas, lung metastases, and liver metastases |
| H101 | Shanghai Sunwaybio | E1B deletion, partial E3 deletion | 1 | 2 | 1 | Squamous cell carcinoma and head and neck cancer |
| DNX-2401 | DNAtrix | Δ24-RGD insertion | 4 | 0 | 0 | Glioblastoma, ovarian cancer |
| VCN-01 | VCN Biosciences | PH20 hyaluronidase insertion | 2 | 0 | 0 | Pancreatic cancer |
| Colo-Ad1 | PsiOxus Therapeutics | Chimeric Ad11/3 group B | 1 | 2 | 0 | Colon cancer, NSCLC, renal cancer, bladder cancer, and ovarian cancer |
| ProstAtak | Advantagene | TK insertion | 4 | 1 | 1 | Pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, mesothelioma, and prostate cancer |
| Oncos-102 | Oncos Therapeutics | Δ24-RGD-GM-CSF insertion | 1 | 0 | 0 | Solid cancers |
| CG0070 | Cold Genesys | GM-CSF and E3 deletion | 1 | 1 | 1 | Bladder cancer |
| Vaccinia virus | ||||||
| Pexa-vac (JX-594) | Jennerex Biotherapeutics | GM-CSF insertion, TK disruption | 7 | 6 | 0 | Melanoma, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma |
| GL-ONC1 | Genelux | TK disruption, haemagglutin disruption, F14.5L disruption | 4 | 1 | 0 | Lung cancer, head and neck cancer, and mesothelioma |
| Herpesvirus | ||||||
| T-VEC | Amgen | ICP34.5 deletion, US11 deletion, GM-CSF insertion | 2 | 3 | 2 | Melanoma, head and neck cancer, and pancreatic cancer |
| G207 | Medigene | ICP34.5 deletion, UL39 disruption | 3 | 0 | 0 | Glioblastoma |
| HF10 | Takara Bio | UL56 deletion, selected for single partial copy of UL52 | 2 | 1 | 0 | Breast cancer, melanoma, and pancreatic cancer |
| SEPREHVIR (HSV1716) | Virttu Biologics | ICP34.5 deletion | 5 | 1 | 0 | Hepatocellular carcinoma, glioblastoma, mesothelioma, neuroblastoma |
| OrienX010 | OrienGene Biotechnology | ICP34.5 deletion, ICP47 deletion, GM-CSF insertion | 1 | 0 | 0 | Glioblastoma |
| Reovirus | ||||||
| Reolysin | Oncolytics Biotech | None | 15 | 9 | 0 | Glioma, sarcomas, colorectal cancer, NSCLC, ovarian cancer, melanoma, pancreatic cancer, multiple myeloma, head and neck cancer |
| Seneca Valley Virus | ||||||
| SVV-001 | Neotropix | None | 3 | 1 | 0 | Neuroendocrine-featured tumours, neuroblastoma, and lung cancer |
| Coxsackievirus | ||||||
| Cavatak (CVA21) | Viralytics | None | 3 | 1 | 0 | Melanoma, breast cancer, and prostate cancer |
GM-CSF, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, NSCLC, non-small-cell lung cancer; RGD, Arg-Gly-Asp motif; TK, thymidine kinase; US11, unique short 11 glycoprotein.