Fig. 1. Simplified diagram illustrating a generic approach to prognostic and predictive enrichment of sepsis.

A heterogeneous cohort of patients with sepsis is first divided using prognostic enrichment into those at a low and those at a high risk of mortality. Patients who are at a low mortality risk are treated using standard care. The high-risk patients can be further divided using predictive enrichment and treated with targeted therapies based on their underlying, subgroup-defining biology.