Table 7.
Effect of protein source and xylanase supplementation on ileum and colon pH, ATTD of nutrients, relative organ weight, and SCFA in the mid colon of nursery pigs1
| Traits | Least square means for main effects | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protein source effect | Xylanase effect | Protein × xylanase interaction | ||||||||||||||
| Without xylanase | With xylanase | SEM | P-value | |||||||||||||
| SBM | RCM | DCM | CCM | with | without | SBM | RCM | DCM | CCM | SBM | RCM | DCM | CCM | |||
| pH | ||||||||||||||||
| Ileum2 | 6.35 | 6.36 | 6.50 | 6.66 | 6.66x | 6.27y | 6.08 | 6.18 | 6.25 | 6.54 | 6.61 | 6.55 | 6.73 | 6.76 | 0.16 | 0.733 |
| Colon3,5 | 5.92x | 5.68y | 6.02x | 5.73y | 5.93x | 5.74y | 5.73 | 5.78 | 5.76 | 5.65 | 6.05 | 5.78 | 6.54 | 5.80 | 0.12 | 0.300 |
| Digestibility, % | ||||||||||||||||
| CP | 75 | 71 | 72 | 72 | 75x | 70y | 73 | 68 | 70 | 70 | 78 | 73 | 75 | 73 | 1.54 | 0.471 |
| NDF4 | 37 | 30 | 33 | 30 | 33 | 33 | 37 | 28 | 30 | 36 | 37 | 31 | 38 | 24 | 3.19 | 0.042 |
| DM | 81x | 76y | 77y | 78xy | 80x | 77y | 79 | 74 | 75 | 77 | 83 | 77 | 79 | 80 | 1.51 | 0.937 |
| P | 51 | 44 | 47 | 46 | 49x | 45y | 52 | 42 | 41 | 44 | 51 | 47 | 51 | 48 | 2.82 | 0.075 |
| Ca | 66x | 52y | 57xy | 54y | 62x | 52y | 64 | 49 | 48 | 46 | 67 | 56 | 62 | 63 | 3.49 | 0.265 |
| Organ weight, g/kg/BW | ||||||||||||||||
| Heart6 | 5.64 | 5.63 | 5.53 | 5.27 | 5.58 | 5.45 | 5.76 | 5.50 | 5.33 | 5.18 | 5.69 | 5.77 | 6.08 | 5.28 | 0.33 | 0.845 |
| Lungs | 12.88 | 12.82 | 12.64 | 12.85 | 13.34 | 12.26 | 12.33 | 13.05 | 12.15 | 11.45 | 13.25 | 12.60 | 15.18 | 14.09 | 0.61 | 0.494 |
| Thyroid | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.252 |
| Liver | 34.0y | 36.6x | 37.1x | 35.0y | 36.3x | 35.1y | 33.9 | 36.7 | 36.0 | 33.7 | 33.5 | 37.0 | 37.3 | 36.1 | 0.68 | 0.175 |
| Spleen7 | 2.57x | 2.28x | 1.96y | 1.92y | 2.36x | 2.01y | 2.28 | 2.25 | 1.72 | 1.76 | 2.87 | 2.32 | 2.20 | 2.90 | 0.27 | 0.484 |
| Kidney15 | 6.09 | 6.02 | 6.74 | 5.96 | 6.39 | 6.02 | 6.13 | 6.12 | 6.60 | 5.34 | 5.92 | 6.03 | 6.70 | 6.45 | 0.26 | 0.132 |
| Stomach | 8.04 | 7.90 | 8.49 | 7.62 | 7.94 | 8.09 | 8.47 | 8.20 | 8.03 | 7.40 | 7.55 | 7.64 | 8.41 | 7.98 | 0.40 | 0.093 |
| Small intestine8 | 44.48 | 44.33 | 46.31 | 44.94 | 44.26 | 45.27 | 46.20 | 44.22 | 44.88 | 40.82 | 42.79 | 41.52 | 45.31 | 40.25 | 1.78 | 0.330 |
| Large intestine | 20.06 | 19.87 | 20.37 | 19.63 | 18.85 | 21.12 | 20.80 | 19.42 | 22.36 | 21.24 | 18.99 | 19.13 | 19.80 | 18.40 | 1.47 | 0.954 |
| SCFA14, mM | ||||||||||||||||
| Total SCFA | 135.2 | 138.9 | 126.0 | 125.3 | 129.3 | 133.4 | 141.4 | 139.1 | 130.2 | 122.6 | 129.1 | 138.4 | 120.4 | 128.3 | 9.62 | 0.647 |
| Acetic acid12,13 | 54.4 | 56.3 | 50.2 | 53.8 | 55.2 | 52.2 | 52.9 | 53.8 | 51.5 | 47.4 | 56.2 | 52.9 | 49.3 | 55.3 | 1.19 | 0.089 |
| Propionic acid11 | 36.2y | 41.0x | 36.2y | 32.9z | 34.7y | 38.4x | 38.2 | 40.3 | 39.1 | 34.3 | 32.6 | 39.7 | 32.3 | 33.0 | 3.11 | 0.018 |
| Butyric acid16 | 17.6 | 17.5 | 16.3 | 17.2 | 15.5 | 18.8 | 20.4 | 19.4 | 16.0 | 20.0 | 14.3 | 16.4 | 16.0 | 14.9 | 2.17 | 0.449 |
| Valeric acid | 1.7y | 3.7x | 3.6x | 2.5xy | 2.7 | 3.1 | 1.7 | 4.1 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 1.5 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 2.0 | 0.63 | 0.277 |
| Lactic acid9 | 5.2 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 3.9 | 5.8 | 2.0 | 3.4 | 4.6 | 5.3 | 3.9 | 6.8 | 5.1 | 1.05 | 0.698 |
| BCFA10 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 0.40 | 0.650 |
| VFA | 130.0 | 135.7 | 120.6 | 120.8 | 124.1 | 129.5 | 136.2 | 136.3 | 126.0 | 118.8 | 123.7 | 134.9 | 113.6 | 123.2 | 9.77 | 0.648 |
1Based on the MIXED procedure analysis. Fixed effects included protein source, xylanase, sex, two- and three-way interactions. Random effects included block and interactions of block with the three fixed effects. Single-sex pens were used, 3 pens per sex.
2Tendency for higher (P < 0.10; SEM 0.12) ileal pH in barrows (6.56 vs. 6.37) compared with gilts.
3Tendency (P < 0.10) in the interaction protein × sex for colon pH.
4Xylanase × sex interaction (P < 0.05) for NDF digestibility.
5Three-way interaction protein–xylanase–sex (P < 0.05) for colon pH.
6Protein × sex interaction (P < 0.05) for relative weight of heart.
7Tendency in the protein × sex interaction (P < 0.10) for the relative weight of spleen.
8Tendency in the xylanase × sex interaction (P < 0.10) for the relative weight of the small intestine.
9Nonvolatile.
10Branched-chain fatty acids include isovaleric, isobutyric, and 2-methyl-butyric acids.
11Protein × sex interaction (P < 0.0001) for propionic acid.
12Tendency in the interaction protein × sex (P < 0.10) for the levels of acetic and lactic acid.
13Tendency in the interaction of xylanase × sex, protein source, and xylanase effect (P < 0.10) for the levels of acetic acid.
14Three-way interaction protein–xylanase–sex (P < 0.05) for acetic and propionic acid.
15Tendency for protein source and xylanase effect (P < 0.10) for relative weight of kidney.
16Tendency for xylanase effect (P < 0.10) for butyric acid concentration.
x–zMain effect means sharing a common letter within a factor are not significantly different using a t-test (P < 0.05).