Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of the study participants.
| Characteristic | Overall population (n=46) | Control group (n=21) | MeMoa group (n=25) | P valueb | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 79.4 (6.8) | 78.8 (6.6) | 79.8 (7.0) | .63 | |
| DSM-5c diagnosis, n (%) |
|
|
|
.94 | |
|
|
Major NCDsd | 26 (56) | 12 (57) | 14 (56) |
|
|
|
Minor NCDs | 20 (43) | 9 (42) | 11 (44) |
|
| Sex, n (%) |
|
|
|
.07 | |
|
|
Female | 24 (52) | 14 (66) | 10 (40) |
|
|
|
Male | 22 (47) | 7 (33) | 15 (60) |
|
| Level of education, n (%) |
|
|
|
.82 | |
|
|
Primary level | 10 (21) | 4 (19) | 6 (24) |
|
|
|
Secondary level | 21 (47) | 12 (57) | 10 (40) |
|
|
|
Superior level | 14 (30) | 5 (23) | 9 (36) |
|
| MMSEe, mean (SD) | 21.4 (3.5) | 21.6 (2.7) | 21.3 (4.1) | .70 | |
| IQCODEf patient, mean (SD) | 83.8 (5.7) | 82.5 (4.8) | 84.9 (6.2) | .22 | |
| IQCODE caregiver, mean (SD) | 93.0 (8.7) | 91.3 (8.9) | 94.1 (8.6) | .44 | |
| FABg, mean (SD) | 13.0 (2.2) | 13.4 (2.0) | 12.6 (2.2) | .18 | |
| FCSRTh immediate recall, mean (SD) | 13.4 (4.1) | 13.6 (4.6) | 13.2 (3.7) | .81 | |
| FCSRT delayed recall, mean (SD) | 1.3 (2.1) | 1.0 (1.1) | 1.6 (2.6) | .73 | |
| TMT Ai, mean (SD) | 65.7 (25.7) | 64.7 (24.7) | 66.6 (27.0) | .95 | |
| STROOPj, mean (SD) | 3.0 (1.0) | 2.7 (0.9) | 3.3 (1.1) | .049 | |
| DSSTk, mean (SD) | 32.3 (12.6) | 36.3 (13.2) | 29.0 (11.3) | .08 | |
| NPIl, mean (SD) | 8.2 (8.3) | 8.3 (9.4) | 8.3 (7.6) | .72 | |
| AIm, mean (SD) | 0.7 (1.6) | 0.7 (1.3) | 0.8 (1.8) | .97 | |
aMeMo: Memory Motivation.
bComparisons performed using the Student t-test for quantitative variables and the χ2 or Fisher exact test for qualitative variables.
cDSM-5: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition.
dNCDs: neurocognitive disorders.
eMMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination.
fIQCODE: Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly.
gFAB: Frontal Assessment Battery.
hFCSRT: Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test.
iTMT A: Trail Making Test A; score, time in seconds.
jSTROOP: Stroop test.
kDSST: Digit Symbol Substitution Test.
lNPI: Neuropsychiatric Inventory.
mAI: Apathy Inventory.