Table 1.
Baseline demographics of patients with type 2 diabetes in unmatched and propensity score-matched cohorts.
| Characteristic | Unmatched cohort | Propensity score-matched cohort | |||||||
|
|
mHealth group (n=1243) | Usual care group (n=36,670) | P value | Std diffa | mHealth group (n=1200) | Usual care group (n=1200) | P value | Std diff | |
| Sex, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Male | 777 (62.51) | 19,471 (53.10) | <.001 | 19.13 | 738 (61.50) | 702 (58.50) | .15 | 3.80 |
|
|
Female | 466 (37.49) | 17,199 (46.90) |
|
|
462 (38.50) | 498 (41.50) |
|
|
| Age group (years), n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
≤35 | 80 (6.44) | 2086 (5.69) | <.001 | 29.17 | 73 (6.08) | 96 (8.00) | .07 | 7.31 |
|
|
36-59 | 657 (52.85) | 15,914 (43.40) |
|
19.10 | 631 (52.58) | 634 (52.83) |
|
0.40 |
|
|
60-74 | 464 (37.33) | 16,379 (44.66) |
|
15.10 | 454 (37.84) | 444 (37.00) |
|
1.67 |
|
|
≥75 | 42 (3.38) | 2291 (6.25) |
|
13.13 | 42 (3.50) | 26 (2.17) |
|
7.78 |
| Comorbidity, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hyperlipidemia | 647 (52.05) | 7132 (19.45) | <.001 | 72.67 | 604 (50.33) | 561 (46.75) | .09 | 7.00 |
|
|
Hypertension | 593 (47.71) | 2480 (6.76) | <.001 | 102.25 | 550 (45.83) | 515 (42.92) | .16 | 5.80 |
| Biochemical indicator, mean (SD) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
HbA1cb level (%) | 7.82 (1.60) | 7.86 (1.24) | <.001 | 3.16 | 7.83 (1.60) | 7.70 (1.15) | .26 | 9.35 |
|
|
LDLc cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.26 (0.88) | 3.38 (0.64) | <.001 | 15.10 | 3.29 (0.88) | 3.25 (0.69) | .71 | 5.06 |
aStd diff: standardized difference.
bHbA1c: glycated hemoglobin.
cLDL: low-density lipoprotein.