Table 2.
Effects of the mobile-based intervention on glycemic parameters.
| Variables and group | Measurement session | F months | P value | F groups | P value | F months × group | P value | |||||
|
|
Baseline | 3 months | 6 months | 9 months | 12 months |
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|
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| HbA1ca (%), mean (SD) |
|
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|
|
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|
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||
|
|
mHealth group | 7.83 (1.60) | 6.70 (0.73) | 6.60 (0.61) | 6.44 (0.59) | 6.75 (0.76) | 11.822 | <.001 | 0.058 | .08 | 5.905 | .003 |
|
|
Usual care group | 7.70 (1.15) | 7.36 (1.17) | 6.82 (0.64) | 6.97 (0.63) | 7.12 (0.64) |
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|
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|
|
|
|
Z | -1.123 | -20.382 | -18.592 | -19.922 | -9.657 |
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|
|
|
P value | .26 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
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|
|
|
| FBGb (mmol/L), mean (SD) |
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|||
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mHealth group | 8.34 (2.41) | 6.51 (1.27) | 6.74 (2.11) | 6.68 (1.49) | 6.89 (1.52) | 9.614 | <.001 | 16.425 | <.001 | 5.762 | <.001 |
|
|
Usual care group | 8.68 (2.34) | 8.53 (2.37) | 8.45 (2.45) | 8.38 (2.39) | 8.47 (2.68) |
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Z | -1.326 | -15.268 | -17.315 | -14.831 | -5.755 |
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P value | .20 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
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| P2BGc (mmol/L), mean (SD) |
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|||
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mHealth group | 11.14 (4.40) | 8.03 (1.75) | 7.75 (1.90) | 7.89 (1.77) | 8.29 (2.38) | 12.424 | <.001 | 9.566 | .002 | 7.193 | <.001 |
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|
Usual care group | 10.36 (2.94) | 9.99 (2.99) | 9.85 (2.56) | 9.93 (2.83) | 9.97 (2.91) |
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Z | -1.575 | -23.995 | -20.921 | -16.243 | -3.149 |
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P value | .12 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | .002 |
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|
aHbA1c: glycated hemoglobin.
bFBG: fasting blood glucose.
cP2BG: postprandial 2-hour blood glucose.