Gunne 1981.

Methods	Two group randomised clinical trial. Randomisation: after eligibility established subjects were randomly allocated to methadone maintenance or to drug‐free treatment. Foow up for two years.
Participants	Geographic region: Sweden Study setting: psychiatric research centre n = 34, 76% male Eligibility criteria: 20‐24 years, history of at least 4 years IV heroin use, withdrawal signs and positive urine on admission, a minimum of three completed detoxifications, not arrested or serving a sentence and no dominate abuse of non‐opiate drugs. Exclusion: active infectious disease.
Interventions	Control: no treatment, could not apply for the methadone program for two years. Treatment: methadone maintenance treatment, no dosage information reported.
Outcomes	Illicit drug use / Urinalysis (3 x week) Criminality Vocational adjustment Health Mortality
Notes	2 controls obtained methadone from private practitioners and were excluded.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Adequate sequence generation?	Unclear risk	"Randomly allocated"
Allocation concealment?	Unclear risk	B ‐ Unclear
Incomplete outcome data addressed? All outcomes	Low risk	No missing data. All controls refused drug free treatment and asked for discharge.
Free of other bias?	Low risk	Only indiv 20‐24. Baseline groups similar except gender ‐ more women in MMT.