Table 1.
Selected antivirals in clinical trials
| Company | Antiviral approach | Target viruses | Clinical trial status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alnylam (Cambridge, MA) | RNAi | Influenza, RSV | Phase 2 |
| Argos (Durham, NC) | Personalized immunotherapy | HIV | Phase 1/2 |
| AVI Biopharma (Portland, OR) | Antisense (Neugene) | HCV | Phase 1/2 |
| Benitec Melbourne, Australia | Cell-based therapy/triple RNAi | HIV | Phase 1 |
| CytoDyn (Santa Fe, NM) | mAb | HIV | Phase 1/2 |
| Crucell (Leiden, the Netherlands) | Antibody cocktail | Rabies | Phase 1 |
| Dynavax (Berkeley, CA) | TLR9 agonist (Heplisav) | HBV | Phase 3 |
| Enzo Therapeutics (New York, NY) | Antisense gene therapy | HIV | Phase 1/2 |
| Human Genome Sciences (Rockville, MD) | Modified interferon (Albuferon); mAb blocks CCR5 | HCV HIV | Phase 3 Phase 1 |
| Idera (Cambridge MA) | Oligonucleotide-based TLR9 agonist | HCV | Phase 1 |
| Implicit Bioscience (Seattle, WA; Brisbane, Australia) | Peptide immunomodulators | HCV, influenza | Phase 2 |
| MacroGenics (Rockville, MD) | mAb blocks CCR5 | West Nile virus | Phase 1 |
| MedImmune (Rockville, MD) | mAb (Numax, optimized Synagis) | RSV | Phase 3 completed (high-risk children); phase 1 (adults) |
| NexBio (San Diego, CA) | Recombinant sialidase | Influenza | Phase 1 |
| Nucleonics (Horsham, PA) | RNAi | HBV | Phase 1 |
| Panacos (Watertown, MA) | Maturation inhibitors (bevirimat) | HIV | Phase 2 |
| Polymun Scientific (Vienna, Austria) | mAb cocktail | HIV | Phase 2 |
| Progenics (Tarrytown, NY) | mAb blocks CCR5 | HIV | Phase 1b |
| Protiva (Burnaby, BC, Canada) | RNAi | Ebola, Marburg | Phase 1 |
| Romark Laboratories (Tampa, FL) | Mechanism unknown (nitazoxanide) | HCV | Phase 2 |
| Schering-Plough (Kenilworth, NJ) | Protease inhibitor (boceprevir) | HCV | Phase 2 |
| SciClone Pharmaceuticals (Foster City, CA) | Immunomodulator (Zadaxin, thymalfasin) | HBV, HCV | Marketed (HBV); phase 3 (HCV) |
| SIGA Technologies (New York, NY) | Viral particle blocker | Smallpox, other orthopox | Phase 1 |
| United Biomedical (Hauppage, NY) | Immunotherapeutic peptides | HIV | Phase 1 |
| Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Cambridge, MA) | Protease inhibitor (telaprevir) | HCV | Phase 2 |
| VGX Pharmaceuticals (Blue Bell, PA) | Steroid abortifacient (mifepristone) | HIV, HCV | Phase 2 |
| VIRxSYS (Gaithersburg, MD) | Gene-based immunotherapy | HIV | Phase 1 |