Table 3. Trends in Mental Health Care Among 47 090 Adolescent Participants of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health Who Received Mental Health Care in the Past Year by Service Setting and Type of Mental Health Problem.
| Service setting by mental health problem | No. of participants | Survey year, weighted % of participants who received mental health care in the past year | Change in odds of receiving care for different mental health problemsa | Test of departure from linearityb | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005-2006 | 2007-2008 | 2009-2010 | 2011-2012 | 2013-2014 | 2015-2016 | 2017-2018 | aOR (95% CI) | P value | F test | P value | ||
| Outpatient mental health services | ||||||||||||
| Internalizing problems | 17 050 | 62.9 | 62.4 | 60.9 | 62.1 | 68.2 | 72.4 | 74.2 | 1.76 (1.58-1.97) | <.001 | 21.48 | <.001 |
| Externalizing problems | 9116 | 37.7 | 39.2 | 39.8 | 38.7 | 33.1 | 31.5 | 27.9 | 0.62 (0.55-0.70) | <.001 | 14.82 | <.001 |
| Relationship problems | 8909 | 35.8 | 36.6 | 37.5 | 38.7 | 34.7 | 31.1 | 31.3 | 0.74 (0.67-0.83) | <.001 | 14.22 | <.001 |
| School-related problems | 4748 | 18.2 | 18.1 | 19.0 | 19.9 | 18.0 | 19.3 | 19.3 | 1.08 (0.96-1.22) | .22 | 0.17 | .68 |
| Inpatient mental health services | ||||||||||||
| Internalizing problems | 3315 | 75.5 | 76.6 | 76.5 | 79.7 | 83.0 | 87.0 | 86.1 | 2.24 (1.66-3.03) | <.001 | 0.78 | .38 |
| Externalizing problems | 1287 | 35.3 | 30.2 | 32.5 | 35.3 | 24.2 | 25.7 | 26.8 | 0.63 (0.49-0.81) | <.001 | 0.01 | .93 |
| Relationship problems | 570 | 15.8 | 12.9 | 11.5 | 14.0 | 12.0 | 12.5 | 13.7 | 0.82 (0.55-1.23) | .33 | 0.99 | .32 |
| School-related problems | 497 | 14.1 | 11.7 | 11.9 | 13.4 | 9.1 | 12.0 | 14.3 | 0.94 (0.60-1.48) | .80 | 1.35 | .25 |
| School counseling | ||||||||||||
| Internalizing problems | 10 727 | 50.1 | 51.4 | 49.7 | 51.3 | 57.8 | 59.6 | 62.3 | 1.65 (1.48-1.84) | <.001 | 7.50 | .007 |
| Externalizing problems | 6279 | 36.3 | 34.0 | 36.1 | 32.0 | 30.5 | 27.3 | 24.4 | 0.59 (0.52-0.68) | <.001 | 4.34 | .04 |
| Relationship problems | 6726 | 34.6 | 36.1 | 38.1 | 37.3 | 31.4 | 27.9 | 28.3 | 0.66 (0.58-0.74) | <.001 | 18.72 | <.001 |
| School-related problems | 4415 | 23.8 | 22.8 | 21.0 | 23.4 | 22.8 | 22.7 | 23.7 | 1.02 (0.87-1.19) | .80 | 1.17 | .28 |
| General medical services | ||||||||||||
| Internalizing problems | 3602 | 66.6 | 64.5 | 68.4 | 75.2 | 74.2 | 78.5 | 78.9 | 1.87 (1.38-2.52) | <.001 | 0.05 | .82 |
| Externalizing problems | 1249 | 26.1 | 31.1 | 29.3 | 24.2 | 25.4 | 23.4 | 18.8 | 0.68 (0.52-0.89) | .005 | 2.27 | .14 |
| Relationship problems | 710 | 14.1 | 20.4 | 18.7 | 12.3 | 12.1 | 11.5 | 13.6 | 0.63 (0.45-0.89) | .008 | 0.03 | .85 |
| School-related problems | 641 | 18.7 | 15.3 | 15.2 | 12.3 | 11.4 | 13.1 | 13.4 | 0.70 (0.50-0.98) | .04 | 2.15 | .15 |
Abbreviation: aOR, adjusted odds ratio computed in logistic regressions.
a
Based on binary logistic regression of each dummy-coded variable on the variable of survey year. The variable of survey year was scaled to range from 0 (representing 2005-2006) to 1 (representing 2017-2018). Thus, regression coefficients represent change from the 2005-2006 to 2017-2018 period. The logistic regression models were adjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity, family income compared with federal poverty level, health insurance, and metropolitan status of county of residence.
b
Indicates adjusted Wald F test, with 1 and 110 df associated with the squared survey year variable.