Bufalin hindered the development of gallbladder cancer stem cells. (A, B) Western blot analyzed the expression of stemness-associated surface proteins, CD133 and CD44 after 48 hours of treatment by Bufalin at different concentrations (0, 50, 100 nM, respectively). (C) Low attachment sphere-forming assay detected the cell sphere size after 48 hours of treatment by Bufalin. (D, E) Western blot analyzed the expression of stemness-associated proteins, Sox2, Oct4 and Nanog after 48 hours of treatment by Bufalin at different concentrations (0, 50, 100 nM, respectively). (F, G) Low attachment sphere-forming assay detected the cell sphere number of Bufalin on 5-FU resistant GBC-SD cells. (*P<0.05 vs Control).