Design
of self-assembled fluorescent cyclic dipeptide by the biologically
inspired molecular structure of BFPms1. (a) BFPms1 overall structure
and its coordination geometry with Zn(II). (b) Scheme of self-assembly
mechanism of CHH, Zn(II), and NO3–. (c)
AFM image showing the presence of ∼30 nm nanoparticles. Scale
bar = 400 nm. (d) Normalized UV–vis spectra of CHH–Zn,
CHH, and Zn(NO3)2. (Inset: CHH–Zn under
daylight (left) and UV lamp (365 nm right)). (e) Excitation–emission
matrix contour profiles of CHH–Zn. (f) Comparison of the quantum
yield of different fluorescent biometabolites with CHH–Zn marked
with a green star (vitamin, riboflavin, α-tocopherol; amino
acid, Phe, Tyr, Trp, Ala, His, Lys, Ser; Peptide, Trp-Phe+Zn(II),
cyclo-WW+Zn(II), Phe-Phe-Phe;20,38,39 GFP, sg11, avGFP, sapphire, H9). (g) 1H chemical shifts
of CHH–Zn, compared to the peptide alone. (h) Job plot analysis
of CHH with Zn(NO3)2.