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. 2020 Mar 26;22:20. doi: 10.1186/s12968-020-0605-9

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© The Author(s). 2020

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Figure depicts a novel passive tracking technique using a pSAT angle of 40^° at different flip angles to optimize imaging for iCMR. The upper row shows the gadolinium-filled balloon alone, the middle row shows the gadolinium-filled balloon and MR-conditional guidewire separate but within the same image, and the bottom row shows an MR-conditional guidewire markers within the gadolinium-filled balloon. The imaging acquisition scan duration time (ms) begins to increase at a FA > 45^°. Dashed White Arrow– Gadolinium-filled balloon;Solid White Arrow– MR-conditional guidewire;Thick White Arrow– MR-conditional guidewire markers within the gadolinium-filled balloon.Yellow box- Ideal in-vivo flip angle combination (pSAT angle = 40^°; FA = 35^°) to simultaneously visualize the catheter balloon tip, MR-conditional guidewire, and cardiac/vessel anatomy during iCMR procedures. Note: No decrease in image acquisition time was seen at FA < 45^°