Table 2.

A comparison between human PSC-derived fetal and adult cardiomyocytes

	Characteristics	PSC-CM	Adult CM	References
Morphology	Cell shape	Circular	Rod-shaped	[89–91]
	Nucleation	Single nucleated	25–30% binucleated	[92, 93]
	Mitochondrial content	Slender and long, lesser than in adult CM	Elongated shape, 35% of total cell volume	[94, 95]
	Surface area	1000-1300 μm2	10,000-14,000 μm2	[96, 97]
Metabolism	Substrate preference	Glucose	Fatty acid	[98, 99]
Sarcomere	Myofibrillar isoform switch (myosin heavy chain)	β = α	β > > α	[100–102]
	Myofibril	Low density	High density	[83, 91, 103]
	Alignment	Random	Anisotropic	[91, 104]
Electrophysiological properties	Upstroke velocity	Slower	Faster	[83, 97]
	Contraction	Asynchronous	Synchronous	[98, 105]