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. 2020 Mar 25;40(3):BSR20192770. doi: 10.1042/BSR20192770

Figure 3. Working hypothesis of the involvement of extracellular mitDNA in the adverse transfusion reaction.

Figure 3

Briefly, the released/generated extracellular mitDNA in blood products during processing and storage time, which can be sensed by PRR-bearing cells of recipients (i.e. PMNs, ECs and M∅), is capable of activating a variety of innate immune pathways. Subsequent production of cytokines (i.e. IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α) together with other proinflammatory mediator substances, thereby inducing inflammatory responses leading to adverse transfusion reactions in recipients. Abbreviations: EC, endothelial cell; INF, interferon; M∅, macrophages; PMN, neutrophil; PRR, pattern recognition receptor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.