Table 2.
Energy and macronutrient intake by gender in the study population (n = 3394)
| Total (n = 3394) |
Males (n = 1578) |
Females (n = 1816) |
p-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SE | ||||
| Children and adolescents (6–19.9 years) | ||||
| Energy (kcal) | 1999.81 ± 27.17 | 2265.55 ± 38.71 | 1734.06 ± 38.48 | < 0.001 |
| Carbohydrate (%EI) | 51.57 ± 0.34 | 51.59 ± 0.47 | 51.53 ± 0.47 | 0.923 |
| Protein (%EI) | 13.24 ± 0.13 | 13.31 ± 0.17 | 13.16 ± 0.17 | 0.539 |
| Fat (%EI) | 36.11 ± 0.31 | 35.78 ± 0.44 | 36.44 ± 0.44 | 0.300 |
| Saturated fat (%EI) | 10.86 ± 0.17 | 10.76 ± 0.23 | 10.95 ± 0.23 | 0.565 |
| Oleic Acid (%EI) | 9.64 ± 0.2 | 9.68 ± 0.27 | 9.59 ± 0.27 | 0.815 |
| Linolenic Acid (%EI) | 0.13 ± 0 | 13 ± 0 | 0.13 ± 0 | 0.552 |
| Linoleic Acid (%EI) | 4.73 ± 0.11 | 4.79 ± 0.16 | 4.65 ± 0.15 | 0.547 |
| Total Sugar (%EI) | 12.01 ± 0.27 | 11.63 ± 0.38 | 12.38 ± 0.38 | 0.173 |
| Dietary fibers (g/1000 kcal) | 7.47 ± 0.13 | 6.93 ± 0.19 | 8.01 ± 7.65 | < 0.001 |
| Adults (20–59.9 years) | ||||
| Energy (kcal) | 1983.17 ± 18.26 | 2309.95 ± 29.98 | 1656.39 ± 26.07 | < 0.001 |
| Carbohydrate (%EI) | 48.8 ± 0.25 | 48.82 ± 0.42 | 48.77 ± 0.36 | 0.940 |
| Protein (%EI) | 14.66 ± 0.11 | 14.68 ± 0.19 | 14.63 ± 0.16 | 0.868 |
| Fat (%EI) | 37.09 ± 0.23 | 36.45 ± 0.38 | 37.73 ± 0.33 | 0.017 |
| Saturated fat (%EI) | 10.84 ± 0.11 | 10.45 ± 0.18 | 11.24 ± 0.15 | 0.002 |
| Oleic Acid (%EI) | 11.85 ± 0.15 | 11.75 ± 0.25 | 11.95 ± 0.22 | 0.587 |
| Linolenic Acid (%EI) | 0.15 ± 0 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 0.16 ± 0.01 | 0.252 |
| Linoleic Acid (%EI) | 4.96 ± 0.09 | 4.87 ± 0.14 | 5.05 ± 0.12 | 0.368 |
| Total Sugar (%EI) | 10.85 ± 0.18 | 10.69 ± 0.3 | 11.01 ± 0.26 | 0.455 |
| Dietary fibers (g/1000 kcal) | 8.82 ± 0.11 | 8.32 ± 0.18 | 9.31 ± 0.16 | < 0.001 |
| Older adults (≥60 years) | ||||
| Energy (kcal) | 1628.19 ± 34.1 | 1861.8 ± 62.71 | 1394.59 ± 63.77 | < 0.001 |
| Carbohydrate (%EI) | 49.48 ± 0.58 | 48.28 ± 1.07 | 50.68 ± 1.09 | 0.187 |
| Protein (%EI) | 14.88 ± 0.25 | 14.54 ± 0.45 | 15.22 ± 0.46 | 0.380 |
| Fat (%EI) | 36.27 ± 0.52 | 37.35 ± 0.96 | 35.2 ± 0.98 | 0.189 |
| Saturated fat (%EI) | 10.5 ± 0.23 | 10.42 ± 0.42 | 40.58 ± 0.43 | 0.826 |
| Oleic Acid (%EI) | 12.5 ± 0.34 | 12.78 ± 0.63 | 12.22 ± 0.64 | 0.603 |
| Linolenic Acid (%EI) | 0.17 ± 0.01 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 0.18 ± 0.01 | 0.167 |
| Linoleic Acid (%EI) | 4.35 ± 0.18 | 4.73 ± 0.33 | 3.98 ± 0.33 | 0.178 |
| Total Sugar (%EI) | 10.72 ± 0.4 | 11.0 ± 0.73 | 10.45 ± 0.75 | 0.654 |
| Dietary fibers (g/1000 kcal) | 10.63 ± 0.26 | 9.6 ± 0.47 | 11.65 ± 0.48 | 0.011 |
Abbreviations:EI energy intake; g grams; kcal calories; SE standard error
Values in this table represent mean ± SE
Means were adjusted for variables found to be significantly associated with gender, as per Table 1
*p values were obtained from comparison of adjusted means using ANCOVA
Bolded numbers are significant at p < 0.05