Table II:

Longitudinal generalized linear mixed-effects analysis of adherence to ART among 746 antiretroviral therapy-exposed people who use illicit drugs in Vancouver, Canada

	Unadjusted		Adjusted
Characteristic	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p - value	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p - value
Age
Per year	1.00 (0.99–1.02)	0.883
Gender
(Male vs. non-male)	0.73 (0.56–0.96)	0.022	0.74 (0.57–0.96)	0.024
Ancestry
(Caucasian vs. non-Caucasian)	0.96 (0.75–1.24)	0.747
Homeless
(Yes vs. no)	1.01 (0.80–1.27)	0.961
Relationship status
Legally married/common law/partner vs. other)	1.17 (0.95–1.43)	0.135
Formal employment
(Yes vs. no)	0.93 (0.75–1.17)	0.539
Education
(≥ high school completion vs. < high school)	1.40 (1.09–1.80)	0.009	1.38 (1.08–1.77)	0.011
Injection drug use
(Yes vs. no)	1.24 (1.03–1.50)	0.026
Alcohol use
(≥ 4 drinks/day vs. < 4 drinks/day)	1.37 (0.87–2.16)	0.173
Depression comorbidity
(Yes vs. no)	1.19 (0.93–1.54)	0.173
Methadone program participation
(Yes vs. no)	0.95 (0.77–1.18)	0.632
Viral load
(< 50 copies/mL vs. ≥50 copies/mL)	0.57 (0.48–0.68)	<0.001	0.62 (0.51–0.74)	<0.001
Time since diagnosis
Per year	1.01 (0.99–1.03)	0.200
Barriers to healthcare
(Yes vs. no)	1.71 (1.41–2.08)	<0.001	1.65 (1.34–2.02)	<0.001
Healthcare provider satisfaction
(Yes vs. no)	0.68 (0.52–0.88)	0.003	0.76 (0.58–1.00)	0.049
Medication understanding
(Yes vs. no)	0.69 (0.56–0.85)	<0.001	0.82 (0.66–1.03)	0.089
Experienced healthcare provider
(≥ 6 HIV patients vs. < 6 HIV patients)	1.05 (0.77–1.43)	0.749
Maximum number of pills per dose
Per pill	1.10 (1.06–1.15)	<0.001	1.12 (1.08–1.17)	<0.001