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. 2019 Nov 20;4(12):e645–e657. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30189-6

Table 1.

Number of YLLs by Level 3 causes in 1990 and 2017, and YLL rates and age-standardised YLL rates for 2017 with percentage change between 1990 and 2017, ordered by ranking of top 20 causes of YLLs in 2017

Rank of cause of YLLs
YLLs (in thousands)
All-age YLL rate per 100 000 people
Age-standardised YLL rate per 100 000 people
1990 2017 2017 Percentage change 1990–2017 2017 Percentage change 1990–2017 2017 Percentage change 1990–2017
All causes .. .. 8005 (7615 to 8403) −20·1% (−23·9 to −16·3) 13 209 (12 566 to 13 866) −25·1% (−28·6 to −21·5) 6709 (6384 to 7038) −49·5% (−52·0 to −47·1)
Ischaemic heart disease 1 (1 to 1) 1 (1 to 1) 1028 (957 to 1118) −35·3% (−39·5 to −30·4) 1697 (1579 to 1845) −39·3% (−43·3 to −34·8) 690 (640 to 743) −60·9% (−63·6 to −58·0)
Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer 3 (3 to 3) 2 (2 to 2) 602 (564 to 645) −15·5% (−21·3 to −9·4) 994 (931 to 1064) −20·8% (−26·2 to −15·0) 479 (449 to 512) −41·2% (−45·2 to −37·1)
Alzheimer's disease and other dementias 6 (6 to 6) 3 (3 to 4) 581 (542 to 619) 75·6% (64·2 to 86·1) 959 (895 to 1022) 64·6% (53·9 to 74·5) 302 (281 to 323) −15·0% (−20·7 to −9·6)
Stroke 2 (2 to 2) 4 (3 to 4) 580 (539 to 640) −37·7% (−42·1 to −32·6) 956 (889 to 1056) −41·6% (−45·7 to −36·8) 369 (343 to 403) −64·1% (−66·7 to −61·3)
Colon and rectum cancer 8 (8 to 8) 5 (5 to 5) 319 (295 to 345) 6·2% (−1·9 to 14·8) 526 (486 to 569) −0·4% (−8·1 to 7·6) 245 (226 to 265) −28·1% (−33·8 to −22·1)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 11 (11 to 13) 6 (6 to 6) 252 (233 to 274) −4·7% (−12·6 to 5·1) 416 (385 to 452) −10·6% (−18·1 to −1·5) 153 (141 to 167) −45·5% (−50·3 to −39·4)
Breast cancer 9 (9 to 9) 7 (7 to 7) 240 (217 to 262) −12·9% (−21·6 to −4·8) 396 (358 to 433) −18·4% (−26·5 to −10·8) 213 (192 to 233) −38·2% (−44·3 to −32·4)
Diabetes 10 (10 to 11) 8 (8 to 8) 226 (210 to 243) −16·1% (−22·8 to −9·4) 372 (346 to 401) −21·4% (−27·6 to −15·1) 155 (144 to 167) −46·9% (−51·1 to −42·5)
Cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases 5 (5 to 5) 9 (9 to 10) 214 (193 to 234) −47·8% (−52·8 to −42·8) 354 (318 to 387) −51·1% (−55·7 to −46·4) 185 (166 to 203) −63·2% (−67·0 to −59·4)
Pancreatic cancer 16 (16 to 17) 10 (9 to 10) 208 (194 to 226) 39·3% (28·0 to 51·4) 344 (320 to 374) 30·6% (20·0 to 41·9) 163 (151 to 177) −3·8% (−11·3 to 4·5)
Stomach cancer 7 (7 to 7) 11 (11 to 12) 185 (172 to 200) −42·9% (−47·2 to −38·5) 306 (284 to 329) −46·5% (−50·5 to −42·4) 144 (133 to 155) −60·8% (−63·9 to −57·7)
Hypertensive heart disease 19 (19 to 25) 12 (11 to 20) 184 (86 to 211) 44·3% (−17·9 to 64·1) 304 (141 to 349) 35·3% (−23·1 to 53·9) 105 (58 to 119) −22·9% (−50·8 to −13·3)
Liver cancer 15 (15 to 15) 13 (12 to 13) 179 (162 to 199) −1·2% (−10·8 to 9·3) 296 (267 to 328) −7·4% (−16·4 to 2·4) 141 (127 to 157) −30·9% (−37·7 to −23·5)
Road injuries 4 (4 to 4) 14 (13 to 15) 159 (147 to 170) −66·3% (−68·5 to −63·6) 262 (243 to 281) −68·4% (−70·5 to −65·9) 264 (246 to 284) −67·1% (−69·5 to −64·5)
Lower respiratory infections 22 (20 to 22) 15 (15 to 16) 140 (129 to 152) 21·4% (9·9 to 33·3) 231 (213 to 251) 13·8% (3·0 to 25·0) 108 (100 to 117) −41·8% (−48·5 to −35·0)
Chronic kidney disease 20 (18 to 20) 16 (14 to 17) 139 (129 to 150) 12·3% (4·1 to 22·0) 230 (214 to 247) 5·3% (−2·4 to 14·3) 89 (83 to 96) −37·4% (−42·0 to −32·1)
Self-harm 14 (14 to 14) 17 (16 to 18) 137 (126 to 150) −27·1% (−33·4 to −19·9) 226 (208 to 247) −31·6% (−37·6 to −24·9) 192 (177 to 210) −32·3% (−38·3 to −25·7)
Leukaemia 18 (17 to 18) 18 (17 to 19) 132 (122 to 142) −9·6% (−16·7 to −2·3) 217 (201 to 235) −15·3% (−22·0 to −8·4) 137 (126 to 149) −36·2% (−41·7 to −30·2)
Prostate cancer 27 (23 to 28) 19 (14 to 18) 114 (97 to 179) 23·7% (7·0 to 62·7) 189 (161 to 295) 16·0% (0·3 to 52·5) 72 (61 to 116) −24·2% (−35·0 to 1·2)
Other malignant neoplasms 21 (21 to 24) 20 (21 to 22) 100 (83 to 113) −14·4% (−24·4 to 10·5) 165 (137 to 186) −19·8% (−29·2 to 3·5) 107 (89 to 124) −34·4% (−43·4 to −13·3)

Data in parentheses are 95% uncertainty intervals. YLLs=years of life lost.