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. 2019 Nov 20;4(12):e645–e657. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30189-6

Table 2.

Number of YLDs, YLD rates and age-standardised YLD rates in 2017 with percentage change between 1990 and 2017, ordered by ranking of top 20 Level 3 causes of YLDs in 2017

Rank of cause of YLDs
YLDs (in thousands)
YLD rate per 100 000 people
Age-standardised YLD rate per 100 000 people
1990 2017 2017 Percentage change, 1990–2017 2017 Percentage change, 1990–2017 2017 Percentage change, 1990–2017
All causes .. .. 8488 (6369 to 10 878) 17·6% (15·7 to 19·5) 14 008 (10 510 to 17 951) 10·2% (8·5 to 12·0) 10 313 (7684 to 13 277) −2·8% (−4·4 to −1·1)
Low back pain 1 (1 to 1) 1 (1 to 1) 1057 (758 to 1421) 11·2% (5·0 to 17·3) 1744 (1251 to 2345) 4·2% (−1·5 to 9·9) 1284 (917 to 1733) −6·2% (−11·1 to −1·1)
Headache disorders 2 (2 to 2) 2 (2 to 2) 723 (477 to 1035) 4·5% (1·1 to 8·2) 1194 (787 to 1708) −2·0% (−5·2 to 1·4) 1110 (730 to 1598) 0·6% (−2·5 to 3·9)
Diabetes 8 (8 to 8) 3 (3 to 3) 507 (343 to 697) 89·4% (69·6 to 116·1) 838 (566 to 1151) 77·5% (59·0 to 102·5) 446 (299·9 to 623) 38·2% (24·5 to 55·8)
Neck pain 4 (4 to 4) 4 (4 to 4) 443 (309 to 620) 25·3% (21·9 to 28·9) 731 (510 to 1024) 17·4% (14·3 to 20·8) 481 (336 to 667) −0·1% (−1·7 to 1·9)
Age-related and other hearing loss 6 (6 to 7) 5 (5 to 5) 427 (300 to 588) 54·8% (50·3 to 60·2) 705 (495 to 971) 45·1% (40·9 to 50·2) 328 (225 to 460) 0·2% (−2·0 to 2·3)
Depressive disorders 3 (3 to 3) 6 (6 to 6) 383 (270 to 519) −1·7% (−6·7 to 3·3) 632 (446 to 856) −7·9% (−12·6 to −3·2) 528 (372 to 726) −10·8% (−15·0 to −6·2)
Falls 7 (6 to 7) 7 (7 to 7) 334 (237 to 456) 23·7% (20·1 to 27·9) 551 (392 to 752) 15·9% (12·6 to 19·9) 354 (249 to 487) −7·8% (−9·9 to −5·5)
Anxiety disorders 5 (5 to 5) 8 (8 to 8) 319 (224 to 423) 2·0% (−3·4 to 7·9) 526 (370 to 699) −4·4% (−9·4 to 1·2) 499 (351 to 667) −2·6% (−8·0 to 3·2)
Other musculoskeletal disorders 9 (9 to 9) 9 (9 to 9) 251 (164 to 362) 26·7% (14·3 to 40·9) 414 (270 to 598) 18·7% (7·2 to 32·1) 313 (208 to 448) 9·8% (0·7 to 20·7)
Blindness and vision impairment 11 (10 to 11) 10 (11 to 11) 215 (149 to 294) 28·0% (24·3 to 32·2) 354 (245 to 486) 20·0% (16·5 to 23·9) 200 (135 to 282) −10·6% (−13·3 to −7·9)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 13 (12 to 19) 11 (10 to 14) 187 (155 to 221) 46·9% (30·1 to 63·7) 308 (256 to 365) 37·7% (21·9 to 53·4) 151 (124 to 180) 0·9% (−10·3 to 11·8)
Alzheimer's disease and other dementias 22 (19 to 22) 12 (12 to 13) 178 (129 to 231) 85·7% (70·5 to 102·9) 294 (213 to 381) 74·1% (59·8 to 90·2) 93 (67 to 121) −9·5% (−16·4 to −1·7)
Oral disorders 10 (10 to 11) 13 (12 to 13) 172 (107 to 261) −2·3% (−4·5 to 0·0) 285 (176 to 430) −8·4% (−10·5 to −6·3) 182 (109·7 to 280) −21·2% (−24·0 to −18·9)
Osteoarthritis 20 (12 to 29) 14 (10 to 20) 148 (75 to 295) 51·8% (45·0 to 58·4) 245 (123 to 487) 42·3% (35·9 to 48·5) 116 (58 to 231) 4·0% (−0·5 to 8·5)
Drug use disorders 12 (13 to 13) 15 (14 to 17) 124 (89 to 162) −11·0% (−18·6 to −2·1) 205 (147 to 268) −16·5% (−23·7 to −8·3) 223 (158 to 291) −4·7% (−13·5 to 5·5)
Stroke 15 (16 to 20) 16 (15 to 22) 121 (87 to 154) 5·8% (−3·7 to 15·0) 200 (144 to 254) −0·8% (−9·7 to 7·8) 89 (65 to 114) −31·0% (−36·3 to −25·7)
Bipolar disorder 16 (14 to 17) 17 (16 to 21) 117 (73 to 173) 2·4% (−4·9 to 10·3) 193 (120 to 285) −4·0% (−10·8 to 3·3) 179 (110 to 268) −0·7% (−8·0 to 7·8)
Road injuries 14 (15 to 15) 18 (17 to 19) 116 (83 to 157) −2·6% (−4·5 to −0·6) 192 (137 to 259) −8·7% (−10·5 to −6·8) 131 (93 to 177) −21·3% (−22·9 to −19·6)
Neonatal disorders 17 (14 to 18) 19 (16 to 20) 115 (83 to 157) 2·3% (−9·8 to 15·7) 190 (137 to 259) −4·1% (−15·4 to 8·5) 226 (162 to 308) 3·1% (−9·4 to 17·0)
Upper digestive system diseases 18 (16 to 22) 20 (15 to 23) 114 (68 to 180) 12·2% (6·9 to 16·6) 188 (112 to 297) 5·1% (0·2 to 9·3) 134 (80 to 215) −5·8% (−9·8 to −2·5)

Data in parentheses are 95% uncertainty intervals. YLDs= years lived with disability.