Table 2.
MASI and YLLI, by major cause of death in England (2003–18)
|
Premature deaths |
Mean months of life lost per person before age 75 years |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observed | Expected | Excess | MASI (95% CI) | Observed | Expected | Excess | YLLI (%) | ||
| Cancers | |||||||||
| Breast | 84 301 | 80 613 | 3 688 | 4·4% (2·5–6·2) | 1·4 | 1·4 | 0·0 | 2·0% | |
| Digestive | 271 981 | 219 519 | 52 462 | 19·3% (18·3–20·3) | 3·4 | 2·8 | 0·6 | 17·9% | |
| Female genital | 55 661 | 46 166 | 9495 | 17·1% (14·9–19·3) | 0·8 | 0·7 | 0·1 | 18·5% | |
| Respiratory | 236 968 | 125 885 | 111 083 | 46·9% (46·0–47·7) | 2·7 | 1·4 | 1·3 | 48·1% | |
| Other cancers | 73 354 | 67 936 | 5418 | 7·4% (5·4–9·4) | 1·0 | 1·0 | 0·1 | 5·6% | |
| Lymphoid and haemopoietic | 278 852 | 234 809 | 44 043 | 15·8% (14·8–16·8) | 3·9 | 3·4 | 0·5 | 12·1% | |
| Cardiovascular | |||||||||
| Stroke | 111 210 | 68 383 | 42 827 | 38·5% (37·2–39·8) | 1·4 | 0·8 | 0·6 | 42·6% | |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 335 526 | 183 355 | 152 171 | 45·4% (44·6–46·1) | 4·1 | 2·1 | 2·0 | 48·4% | |
| Other heart disease | 59 333 | 35 861 | 23 472 | 39·6% (37·7–41·4) | 0·9 | 0·6 | 0·4 | 39·5% | |
| Other cardiovascular disease | 97 475 | 59 376 | 38 099 | 39·1% (37·7–40·5) | 1·3 | 0·7 | 0·6 | 43·9% | |
| Nervous system | 85 297 | 68 391 | 16 906 | 19·8% (18·0–21·5) | 1·5 | 1·1 | 0·4 | 25·0% | |
| Respiratory | |||||||||
| COPD | 129 062 | 45 469 | 83 593 | 64·8% (63·8–65·7) | 1·3 | 0·4 | 0·9 | 68·5% | |
| Flu and pneumonia | 57 676 | 28 163 | 29 513 | 51·2% (49·5–52·9) | 0·8 | 0·4 | 0·4 | 53·5% | |
| Other respiratory causes | 43 721 | 26 472 | 17 249 | 39·5% (37·3–41·6) | 0·6 | 0·3 | 0·3 | 44·9% | |
| Digestive | |||||||||
| Liver | 93 505 | 43 344 | 50 161 | 53·6% (52·4–54·9) | 1·9 | 0·8 | 1·1 | 58·6% | |
| Other digestive disease | 69 904 | 36 952 | 32 952 | 47·1% (45·6–48·7) | 1·0 | 0·5 | 0·5 | 51·2% | |
| External | |||||||||
| Accidents | 86 270 | 50 534 | 35 736 | 41·4% (39·8–43·1) | 2·7 | 1·7 | 1·0 | 37·9% | |
| Other external causes | 79 799 | 52 275 | 27 524 | 34·5% (32·7–36·3) | 2·5 | 1·7 | 0·9 | 34·2% | |
| Neonatal | 31 247 | 19 490 | 11 757 | 37·6% (34·6–40·6) | 2·5 | 1·7 | 0·8 | 33·1% | |
| Other | 184 143 | 95 211 | 88 932 | 48·3% (47·3–49·3) | 4·0 | 2·1 | 2·0 | 48·3% | |
| Total | 2 465 285 | 1 588 203 | 877 082 | 35·6% (35·3–35·9) | 39·8 | 25·4 | 14·4 | 36·2% | |
Data are n, % (95% CI), or %. MASI=mortality attributable to socioeconomic inequality. YLLI=years of life lost to inequality. COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.