Table 1.

Baseline Characteristics of the Patients.^*

Characteristic	Levetiracetam (N = 145)	Fosphenytoin (N = 118)	Valproate (N = 121)
Age — yr
Mean	33.3±26.0	32.8±25.4	32.2±25.4
Range	1–94	1–84	1–85
Age group — no. (%)
0–5 Yr	30 (20.7)	24 (20.3)	28 (23.1)
6–10 Yr	17 (11.7)	15 (12.7)	7 (5.8)
11–20 Yr	9 (6.2)	10 (8.5)	18 (14.9)
21–40 Yr	31 (21.4)	20 (16.9)	19 (15.7)
41–60 Yr	34 (23.4)	26 (22.0)	26 (21.5)
≥61 Yr	24 (16.6)	23 (19.5)	23 (19.0)
Male sex — no. (%)	77 (53.1)	71 (60.2)	65 (53.7)
Race — no. (%)†
Black	62 (42.8)	49 (41.5)	54 (44.6)
White	62 (42.8)	49 (41.5)	49 (40.5)
Other, more than one, or unknown	21 (14.5)	20 (16.9)	18 (14.9)
Hispanic ethnic group — no. (%)†	23 (15.9)	18 (15.3)	22 (18.2)
History of epilepsy — no. (%)‡	97 (66.9)	80 (67.8)	83 (68.6)
Final diagnosis — no. (%)‡
Seizure or status epilepticus	128 (88.3)	104 (88.1)	102 (84.3)
Nonepileptic spell	13 (9.0)	11 (9.3)	13 (10.7)
Unable to adjudicate	4 (2.8)	3 (2.5)	6 (5.0)
Median lorazepam dose equivalents (IQR)§
Dose for patients weighing ≥32 kg — mg	4.7 (4.0–6.0)	4.9 (4.0–6.0)	5.0 (4.0–7.0)
Dose for patients weighing <32 kg — mg/kg	0.2 (0.2–0.3)	0.2 (0.1–0.3)	0.2 (0.1–0.2)
Median duration of seizure at enrollment (IQR) — min‡¶	62.0 (43.0–85.0)	59.0 (43.0–94.0)	61.5 (38.5–86.5)
Benzodiazepines given before arrival — no. (%)	89 (61.4)	68 (57.6)	62 (51.2)

^*Plus–minus values are means ±SD. Percentages may not total 100 because of rounding. IQR denotes interquartile range.

^†Information on race and ethnic group was obtained from the medical record.

^‡The determination of this characteristic was based on adjudication.

^§Data include all 400 enrollments (i.e., including the patients who enrolled more than once).

^¶The duration of seizure at enrollment could not be determined for 39 enrollments.