Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the participants in the Calcium with Vitamin D trial, according to the randomly assigned group.
| Calcium plus Vitamin D (N=18176) |
Placebo (N=18106) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % or Mean (SD) |
N | % or Mean (SD) |
|
| Age at screening, y | 18176 | 62.4 (7.0) | 18106 | 62.4 (6.9) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White | 15051 | 82.8% | 15104 | 83.4% |
| Black | 1680 | 9.2% | 1635 | 9.0% |
| Hispanic | 785 | 4.3% | 717 | 4.0% |
| Other | 660 | 3.6% | 650 | 3.6% |
| Education | ||||
| Less than high school | 977 | 5.4% | 926 | 5.1% |
| High school diploma/GED | 3309 | 18.3% | 3364 | 18.7% |
| School after high school | 7217 | 40.0% | 7156 | 39.8% |
| College degree or higher | 6557 | 36.3% | 6545 | 36.4% |
| Total expenditure from physical activity, MET hrs/wk | ||||
| 0.5 - 4.125 | 5517 | 33.3% | 5478 | 33.3% |
| >4.125 - 9.5 | 5463 | 33.0% | 5477 | 33.3% |
| >9.5 - 17.75 | 5566 | 33.6% | 5493 | 33.4% |
| History of venous thrombosis | 564 | 3.1% | 602 | 3.3% |
| History of cardiovascular disease1 | 819 | 4.6% | 835 | 4.7% |
| History of cancer | 745 | 4.1% | 698 | 3.9% |
| Diabetes | 1055 | 5.8% | 1037 | 5.7% |
| Treated hypertension | 4187 | 25.6% | 4092 | 25.1% |
| Current smoking | 1405 | 7.8% | 1356 | 7.6% |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 18091 | 29.1 (5.9) | 18013 | 29.0 (5.9) |
| Hormone Therapy Trial participant | 8054 | 44.3% | 8035 | 44.4% |
| Current hormone therapy use2 | 9358 | 51.5% | 9485 | 52.4% |
| Diet Modification Trial participant | 12594 | 69.3% | 12616 | 69.7% |
| Vitamin D intake (pre-intervention) | ||||
| Personal supplement use | 8537 | 47.0% | 8599 | 47.5% |
| Total intake from diet and supplements, IU/d | 17821 | 365 (266) | 17753 | 368 (266) |
| Solar irradiance, Langleys | ||||
| 475 - 500 | 3860 | 21.2 | 3851 | 21.3 |
| 400 - 430 | 3018 | 16.6 | 3015 | 16.7 |
| 375 - 380 | 2012 | 11.1 | 2009 | 11.1 |
| 350 | 3920 | 21.6 | 3880 | 21.4 |
| 300 - 325 | 5366 | 29.5 | 5351 | 29.6 |
| Total calcium intake (diet, personal supplements, meds), mg/d (pre-intervention) | 17821 | 1148 (654) | 17753 | 1154 (658) |
| 25 OH Vitamin D, nmol/L (pre-intervention) | 2404 | 49.3 (22.7) | 2464 | 49.1 (22.5) |
1
History of CVD includes history of MI, stroke, PAD, PTCA, CABG and carotid endarterectomy
2
From personal use and WHI study medication (HT trial)