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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 26.
Published in final edited form as: J Occup Environ Med. 2019 Aug;61(8):641–645. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001634

TABLE 2.

Exposure to Mn-Containing Welding Fume and MRI T1-Weighted Intensity Indices, by Brain Region

MRI Intensity Index
Mean Difference in Index in Mn-Exposed vs Nonexposed (95% CI)*
Caudate
 Nonexposed participants (N = 29) 87.3 Reference
 Mn-exposed workers (N = 12) 90.3 1.57 (0.16–2.99)
 Mn-exposed welders (N = 21) 88.0 P = 0.03
Anterior putamen
 Nonexposed participants (N = 29) 90.7 Reference
 Mn-exposed workers (N = 12) 94.7 3.17 (1.00–5.34)
 Mn-exposed welders (N = 27) 93.2 P = 0.005
Posterior putamen
 Nonexposed participants (N = 29) 99.5 Reference
 Mn-exposed workers (N = 12) 104.3 2.73 (−0.05 to 5.51)
 Mn-exposed welders (N = 21) 101.1 P = 0.05
Globus pallidus
 Nonexposed participants (N = 29) 114.6 Reference
 Mn-exposed workers (N = 12) 120.2 8.20 (4.19–12.2)
 Mn-exposed welders (N = 27) 123.1 P < 0.005
*

Mean T1-weighted index among Mn-exposed welders and workers as compared with nonexposed participants, while adjusted for age (continuous) and sex.

CI, confidence interval; Mn, manganese; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.